Innovative, Nearterm, Manned Space Logistics

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Innovative, Near-term, Manned Space Logistics

• Mike Snead, P.E.
• Chair, AIAA Space Logistics Technical Committee
• jamesmsnead_at_aol.com

The views and opinions expressed in this
presentation reflect those of the author and do
not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of
the American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics
The space logistics infrastructure illustrations
in this presentation are in the public domain.
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SLTC Vision
Innovative, near-term space logistics to
establishsafe and affordable human and robotics
spacefaring operations throughout the Earth-Moon
System Beyond
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2002 Aerospace Commission
The Commission concludes that the nation will
have to be a spacefaring nation in order to be
the global leader in the 21st century our
freedom, mobility, and quality of life will
depend on it. America must exploit and explore
space to assure national and planetary security,
economic benefit, and scientific discovery
(emphasis added)
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Spacefaring

• Mastery of operations in space
• Sufficient technical, industrial, and operational
  knowledge, experience, skills, and capabilities
  to exploit and explore space to assure national
  and planetary security, economic benefit, and
  scientific discovery.

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Achieving Spacefaring Mastery

• History illustrates that mastery of operations in
  new physical frontiers land, sea, air, and
  communicationsin large measure results from
  building logistics infrastructure
• Requires the solution to new scientific and
  technological challenges of importance to the
  nation.
• Generates public interest / inspires our youth
• Creates political importance / redefines
  priorities
• Establishes demand for new and expanded
  manufacturing and services directly involves
  the public
• This attracts the best and brightest yielding
  the knowledge, experience, and capabilities that
  constitute mastery

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SLTC Logistics Transformation Timeline
Threshold between1st and 2nderas of the space
age
New era with mastery of space operations
throughout the central solar system
Increasingspacefaring capabilities
First Era of the Space AgeTelstar, Mercury,
Apollo, Voyager,Hubble, Space Shuttle
Space Shuttle
Manned lunar landing program
1960
2060
1980
2000
2020
2040
- 2001 Space Commission
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What a Previous 25 Years Brought
Sound Barrier Factor
25
20
10
3
1
45
50
55
60
65
70
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Rapid Progression of Generations of Technology
Sound Barrier Factor
25
20
10
3
1
45
50
55
60
65
70
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SLTC Logistics Transformation Timeline
Increasingspacefaring capabilities
First Era of the Space AgeTelstar, Mercury,
Apollo, Voyager,Hubble, Space Shuttle
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SLTC Logistics Transformation Timeline
Increasingspacefaring capabilities
First Era of the Space AgeTelstar, Mercury,
Apollo, Voyager,Hubble, Space Shuttle
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TSTO Generic RLV - Cargo Module
Cargo module
Second stage
First stage

• Weight 2.2M lb
• Length 120 ft
• 20,000 lb payload

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Spaceplane for Passenger Transport
Entering space base hangar
Landing
Carries 10 passengers
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Shuttle-Derived Heavy Spacelifter (SHS) Saturn V

• Oversize payload shroud
• 40 ft diameter
• 100 ft long

• Standard payload shroud
• 27 ft diameter
• 100 ft long

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SHS Core PayloadFabrication Technologies
Nose cap
Payload
Payload support ring
LOX tank
Intertank
LH tank
Propulsionmodule
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RLV SHS Fleet Mission Capacity
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6 RLVs _at_1 Flight per Week / RLV System
30
25
20
SHS Flights per Year
RLV Flights per Year
15
10
5
0
Years of Operation
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SLTC Logistics Transformation Timeline
Increasingspacefaring capabilities
First Era of the Space AgeTelstar, Mercury,
Apollo, Voyager,Hubble, Space Shuttle
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LEO Space Base
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Exploded View of Space Base
Space hangar
Crew module
Space dock
Air storage
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Space Hangar Cut-Away View
Spherical work bay
Transfer tunnel to crew quarters
External ISS-type airlock
Work compartments
Hangar air Distribution system
Main hangar deck
Primary pressure doors(open)
Standard15 x 30cargo container
Space debris protection doors
Moveable platform
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Spaceplane Entering Hangar
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Space Hangars
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Shirt-Sleeve Servicing
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Space Logistics Vehicle (SLV)
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SLV Passenger Ferry
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SLV Versions
Tug
ExtendedRange
RL-10class engine
Twin RL-60class engines
Standard
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SLV ER Buddy Configuration
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Payload Delivery to GEO
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Earth-Moon System Mission One-Way Delta-V
Deep Space
10,600 fps
LEO (31 deg.)
2,100 fps
L1
12,400 fps
LO
13,300 fps
6,100 fps
14,200 fps
5,600 fps
GEO
3,200 fps
13,000 fps
Ref Human Spaceflight Mission Analysis and
Design, Table 9-11
L5
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SLV ER Deployment Mission Capabilities
(Preliminary Est.)
12 hr
Cargo deployed / released at destination
LO
LEO
LO to/from surface45,000 lb (12,100 fps)
GEO
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SLTC Logistics Transformation Timeline
Increasingspacefaring capabilities
First Era of the Space AgeTelstar, Mercury,
Apollo, Voyager,Hubble, Space Shuttle
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LEO Space Hotel Basic Configuration

• Component launches
• 8 SHS flights

Length 660 ft Width 520 ft
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First SHS Launch Center Hub Module
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Hub Completion
LEO Space Bases hangar designs are reused with
modification to permit the space hotels hangars
to be de-spun
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Addition of First Spoke
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Space Hotel Completion
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Space Hotel Release from Space Dock
Rotates _at_ 2 rpmto produce artificial gravityin
spokes
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Spoke Internal Arrangement
Marsgravity
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Example - Medical Facilities
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Space Hotel Expansion
12 spokes 124,000 sq. ft.
Crew size - 300
Crew passenger size - 150
6 spokes 62,000 sq. ft.
Note Volume per person is about same as Skylab
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Potential Space Hotel Guest Logistics Operations
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Large Manned Spacecraft
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Large Manned Spacecraft
Solar array
Cargohandlingarm
Externalcargocontainerstowage
Maintenancehatches
Personnelairlock
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Large Manned Spacecraft Cut-Away View
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Spacecraft Propulsion Module
LOX tanks
Solar array
LH tanks
Fluids / gasesstorage tanks
Maneuveringthrusters
Hangar airstorage tanks
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Flight Deck
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Spacecraft assembly
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Spacecraft assembly
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Spacecraft assembly
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Spacecraft assembly
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Spacecraft assembly
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Spacecraft assembly
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Spacecraft assembly
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Spacecraft assembly
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Spacecraft assembly
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Spacecraft assembly
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Spacecraft assembly
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Spacecraft assembly
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Spacecraft assembly
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Spacecraft assembly
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Spacecraft Departing
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NASA NTR concept used for NTR/LOX version of
spacecraft propulsion
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Spacecraft Deployment Mission Capabilities
(Preliminary Est.)
GEO 12 hr. orbits shown rotated
Cargo deployed / released at destination
12 hr
LEO_at_51.5 to 12 hr_at_55150,000 lb (CP)

• 30-35 deg plane change

LEO_at_28.5 to 12 hr_at_55 10,000 lb mission eq. for
servicing (CP) 150,000 lb (NTP)
LEO_at_28.5 to GEO_at_0100,000 lb (NTP)
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LEO_at_15 to GEO_at_0 25,000 lb (CP) 150,000 lb (NTP)
28.5
LEO
51.6
GEO

• Propulsion configurations ideal Delta V
• Conventional propulsion - 26k ft/sec _at_467 sec
• Nuclear thermal LOX augmented propulsion - 29k
  ft/sec _at_530 sec

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Further Spacecraft Deployment Mission
Capabilities (Preliminary Est. with NTP)
12 hr
LEO
LO
GEO
Cargo deployed / released at destination
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Possible Dev / Deployment Schedule
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
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Yrs from start
Planning Systems Architecture
Definition RLV Development Production First
Prod. Flight Operations SHS Development Operati
ons Space Bases Development 28.5 Deg prod /
Ops 51 Deg prod / Ops SLVs Development Producti
on Operations Space Hotel Development 28.5 Deg
prod / Ops NGRLV RD/Dev / Ops Spacecraft Dev /
Ops
RLV
IOC
FOC
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21st Century Challenge
Making this frontieracceptably safe reachable
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SLTC Logistics Transformation Timeline
Increasingspacefaring capabilities
First Era of the Space AgeTelstar, Mercury,
Apollo, Voyager,Hubble, Space Shuttle
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Updating Perceptions of Near-Term Space
Logistics Options
Orbiting space hotel
Orbiting spacelogistics base
Manned spacecraft
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