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Acute Glomerulonephritis
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• Symptoms of Glomerulonephritis
• Swelling in the morning, especially in the face,
  feet, hands, and abdomen
• Pain in the loin
• Blood in urine (red, brown, or tea-colored urine)
  
• Foamy appearance of urine
• Less frequent urination
• Follows an episode of sore throat Streptococcus
  haemolyticus A strain

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Periorbital Oedema puffiness of face
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Proteinuria

• A strip of chemically treated paper will change
  color when dipped in urine that has too much
  protein.
• Older method heating the upper part of a test
  tube of urine even after adding acetic acid a
  white precipitate
• Laboratory tests that measure exact amounts of
  protein or albumin in the urine are recommended
  for people at risk for kidney disease, especially
  those with diabetes.

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• Chronic glomerulonephritis can lead to kidney
  failure, which may cause these symptoms
• Feeling tired
• Dry, itchy skin
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Poor appetite
• Muscle cramps at night

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Urine Analysis

• Look for
• blood
• protein
• bacteria
• other evidence of kidney damage in the urine
• Blood Tests
• blood urea
• serum creatinine
• Ultrasound Scan
• Abdominal CT Scan

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Kidney Biopsy

• Removal of a sample of kidney tissue with a
  needle to test for glomerulonephritis

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Treatment

• Diuretics to reduce fluid retention
• Medications to suppress the immune system -
  Steroids
• Lifestyle Changes
• Restrict salt and water intake
• Restrict intake of potassium, phosphorous, and
  magnesium
• Cut down on protein in the diet
• Maintain a healthy weight through diet and
  exercise
• Take calcium supplements

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• Outlook
• A great majority of children with acute
  glomerulonephritis will recover in a period of
  weeks to months without complications.
• Adults tend to recover more slowly.
• The outlook for chronic (ongoing)
  glomerulonephritis is more variable depending
  upon the type.

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• Dialysis and Transplant
• Temporary dialysis
• Permanent kidney failure, chronic
  glomerulonephritis ? long-term dialysis or kidney
  transplant.
• Prevention
• Treat sore throats well
• Treat diabetes or high blood pressure.

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Hyperpigmented red cell granular cast and
numerous erythrocytes. Early stages of acute
glomerulonephritis(100x)
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Coming from the glomerulus may produce the
following dysmorphic RBC's
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You may also see urine leukocytes
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The RBC cast of glomerular pathology
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