Please contact me if you have any questions

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Please contact me if you have any questions about
my lecture. Leslie Vosshall leslie_at_mail.rockefelle
r.edu April 3, 2006
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Pheromones Animal Behavior
Leslie B. Vosshall
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April 3 Lecture (PPT available this afternoon)
http//njc.rockefeller.edu/BN2006.php
April 10 Presentations (PDFs available April 4)
http//njc.rockefeller.edu/Vosshall.php
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Suggested Reading
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• Formula for the perfect social signal
• Cheap to transmit
• Cheap to receive
• Discreet
• Selective
• Effective in the dark/barriers
• Long-range
• Long-lasting
• Easy homing/identification

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VISUAL
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http//www.wildsong.demon.co.uk/LR/listening.html
AUDIO
http//www.bentler.us/eastern-washington/insects/s
nd/crickets.wav
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CHEMICAL
Brennan Keverne, Curr. Biol. 14R81R89 (2004)
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What is a Pheromone?
defined chemical signal between members of the
same species, eliciting a particular behavior or
physiological change...
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Broader Definition Pheromones
any chemical signal conveying information
between members of the same species
Recognition of Individuals or KinDifferences
between signals essential
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Pheromones
Health and Fitness Mate Choice/ Sexual
Selection Mate Selection to Avoid Incest/Genetic
Relatedness Sexual Maturation Successful
Fertilization (Aquatic Animals) Kin
Recognition Caste and Reproductive Status (Social
Animals) Menstrual Synchrony Maternal-Infant
Bonding Infant SucklingNipple Recognition Dominan
ce Hierarchy Aggression Territory and Trail
Marking Deception (Plant-gtAnimal) Deception
(Animal-gtAnimal) Aggregation Intruder Alarm
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Semiochemicals Infochemicals
Pheromones Within species
Sender Receiver
Allelochemicals Between species
Synomones Sender Receiver
Kairomones Sender - Receiver
Allomones Sender Receiver -
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Primer Pheromones
Wyatt Book
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Evolution of Pheromones
Wyatt Book
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Pheromones Odor Imprinting
Wyatt Book
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Pheromones and behavior (phenomenology)
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Silkmoth Bombyx mori
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Sex (Releaser) Pheromones
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Mate Quality Courtship Pheromones
monocrotaline pyrrolizidine alkaloids
hydroxydanaidal
Wyatt Book
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Pheromones-Dominance Hierarchy
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Aggregation pheromoneDesert Locust
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Aggregation Pheromones Barnacles
Wyatt Book
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Ant caste determination
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Primer pheromones-Termites
Wyatt Book
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Dauer pheromones-C.elegans
High Density/Limiting Food
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Alarm Pheromones
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Marking Behavior-Mara rodent
Wyatt Book
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Marking Behavior-desert ant
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Trail Marking-leaf cutter ant
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Marking, Territorial Behavior-Badger
Wyatt Book
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Mimicry Pheromones Subverted for Deception
Australian orchid D. glyptodon traps male
Z.Trilobatus wasps
Bolas spiders vs. moths
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Mate Quality MHC
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Models for the MHC Effect 1. The MHC molecule
hypothesis (MHC fragments in urine and sweat) 2.
The peptide hypothesis (MHC peptide metabolites
in urine) 3. The microflora hypothesis (MHC
shapes allele-specific populations of commensal
microbes) 4. The carrier hypothesis (MHC carries
volatile aromatics, including those produced by
bacteria) 5. The peptide-microbe hypothesis (MHC
alters odor by restricting peptides available to
commensal bacteria)
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Coolidge Effect (Remating with arrival of new
potential mate) Bruce Effect (Pregnancy block
when exposed to foreign male) Vandenbergh
Effect (Males accelerate puberty in young
females) Whitten Effect (Males induce oestrus in
adult females) Lee-Boot Effect (Group-housed
females show suppressed oestrus oestrus
synchronized by contact with males)
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The Coolidge Effect
One day President and Mrs. Coolidge were
visiting a government farm. Soon after their
arrival they were taken off on separate tours.
When Mrs. Coolidge passed the chicken pens she
paused to ask the man in charge if the rooster
copulates more than once each day. "Dozens of
times" was the reply. "Please tell that to
the President," Mrs. Coolidge requested. When the
President passed the pens and was told about the
rooster, he asked "Same hen everytime?" "Oh no,
Mr. President, a different one each time." The
President nodded slowly, then said "Tell that to
Mrs. Coolidge."
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Vandenbergh Effect (Males accelerate puberty in
young females)
Whitten Effect (Males induce oestrus in adult
females)
Lee-Boot Effect (Group-housed females show
suppressed oestrus oestrus synchronized by
contact with males)
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Pheromone chemistry
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Where do pheromones come from? Urine Sweat Tears
Other glands
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Pheromone-Producing Glands-Insects
Wyatt Book
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Pheromone-Producing Glands-Mammals
Wyatt Book
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Manduca sexta female pheromone blend
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Sex Pheromones
Wyatt Book
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Schaal et al., Nature 424, 68-72 , 2003
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Lin et al., Nature 434, 470 - 477, 2005
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C. elegans dauer pheromone
(- )-6R-(3'R, 5'R-dihydroxy-6'S-methyltetrahydro-p
yran-2'R-yloxy) heptanoic acid
Jeong et al., Nature 433541, 2005.
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Pheromone reception (neural circuitry)
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Olfaction vs. Pheromone Perception (vertebrates)
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Vomeronasal or Jacobsons Organ (VNO)
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VNO Pathways
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Brennan Keverne, Curr. Biol. 14R81R89 (2004)
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Brennan Keverne, Curr. Biol. 14R81R89 (2004)
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Brennan Keverne, Curr. Biol. 14R81R89 (2004)
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Olfaction vs. Pheromone Perception (invertebrates)
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Male Insect Antennae Specialized to Detect
Female Pheromones
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Pheromone receptors
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Odorant Receptors (vertebrate)
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Pheromone Receptors (vertebrate)
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V1R expressed with Gai and TRP2
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V2R expressed with Gao and TRP2 (and MHC M10)
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Pheromone Receptors (invertebrate)
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come to me
go away
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Nakagawa et al., Science 2005
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Nakagawa et al., Science 2005
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Pheromone reception (humans)
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Sequential Sensory Decisions in Sexual
Courtship Correct Species? Correct
Gender? Sexually Receptive? Other Quality
Control Criteria (usually monitored by
Females) Size? Strength? Other indicators of good
gene pool?
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PHEROMONES IN HUMANS?

• Kin recognition-family member vs. partner

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PHEROMONES IN HUMANS?

• Kin recognition-partner vs. stranger

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PHEROMONES IN HUMANS?

• Kin recognition-mother/child

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PHEROMONES IN HUMANS?

• Menstrual synchrony

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Stern McClintock Nature 1998 392177
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Realm Men by Realm Pheromone for Men
Realm Pheromones Women by Realm Pheromone for
Women
Realm, the fragrances with human pheromones.
Only Realm adds this extra dimension of human
Pleasure. Awaken your sixth sense. Experience
REALM. Contains human pheromones.
Active Ingredient androstenone (pig pheromone)