Chapter 37: Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

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Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
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Circulation Structure and Function

• TRANSPORTATION
• Cells need to get nutrients and oxygen and get
  rid of wastes
• Consists of heart, blood vessels, and blood

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Heart parts

• Hollow muscular organ that pumps blood
• Enclosed by a protective layer called the
  pericardium
• The thick layer of muscle is called the
  myocardium
• Upper chambers are called the atria (where blood
  collects)
• Lower chambers are the ventricles (muscular
  chambers from which blood exits)

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Heart terminology

• Veins go to the heart
• Arteries go away from the heart
• Capillaries join the two and bring blood close to
  cells
• Pulmonary circulation refers to blood going to
  and from the lungs
• Systemic circulation refers to circulation to the
  rest of the body
• One-way valves in the heart keep circulation
  efficient

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Blood Flow through the Heart

• Low oxygenated blood flows into the right atrium
  through the superior and inferior vena cava
• As the heart contracts the blood flows into the
  right ventricle and out the pulmonary arteries
  (to the lungs)
• Oxygenated blood flows into the left atrium
  through the pulmonary veins
• As the heart contracts the blood flows into the
  left ventricle and out the aorta to the rest of
  the body
• See page 945

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Blood vessels

• Arteries
• Super highways,
• large, and muscular
• Carry oxygenated blood
• (except pulm. art.)
• Veins
• Large and muscular
• contain valves and return blood to heart
• Capillaries
• Smallest with walls only one-cell thick
• Bring oxygen and nutrients to tissues and absorb
  CO2
• Side streets and alley ways

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Blood

• Body contains about 4-6 liters
• 45 consists of cells
• Red blood cells called erythrocytes transport
  oxygen (hemoglobin)
• White blood cells called leukocytes fight
  infection
• Platelets are cell fragments that aid in clotting
• 55 consists of straw colored fluid called plasma
• 90 water
• Contains albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen

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Lymphatic System

• Consists of a network of vessels, nodes, and
  organs that collects fluid that is lost by the
  blood and returns it to the circ. sys.
• The fluid is called lymph and travels in vessels
  and sometimes collect in lymph nodes (p 955)
  which can act as filters
• The thymus and spleen contribute to fighting
  infections along with the lymphatic system

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Circulation Quiz

• Summary
• Blood quiz

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Respiratory System

• Function to bring about exchange of oxygen and
  carbon dioxide between the blood, air and tissues
• Parts
• Air flows from the mouth and nose into the
  pharynx, larynx (voice box), then trachea,
  bronchus tubes, bronchioles, and finally alveoli
  (air sacs surrounded by capillaries)
• Cilia and mucus act as filters along the pathway

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Respiratory System diagram
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Breathing

• Movement of air into (inspiration) and out of
  (expiration) the lungs
• Process is driven by air pressure (p 959)
• When diaphragm contracts, air comes in
• When diaphragm relaxes, air is exhaled

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Cellular Respiration

• O2 C6H12O6 ? CO2 H2O and ATP