Overview of HAZCOM

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Overview of HAZCOM Lab Safety Training

• Hazardous Communication
• Chemical Hygiene Plan - Chemical Storage -
  Avoidance of Routine Exposures - Behavior in the
  Laboratory Personal - Habits in the Laboratory
• Housekeeping
• Examples of Laboratory Accidents
• Chemical Waste Procedures
• Incident Reporting

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HAZCOM - What is it?

• Standard issued by OSHA
• Ensures that employers are communicating and
  identifying physical and health hazards
  associated with hazardous chemicals in the
  workplace to the employees (YOU)
• Office of Risk Management requires HAZCOM in SD.

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Labels

• What do labels tell us about the chemical?

Name of Material
Health Hazards
Suppliers Name/Address
Physical Hazards
Much More
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Importance of Labeling

• To identify hazards in your
• work area.
• Labels must be on every bag, barrel, bottle, box,
  can, cylinder, drum, storage tank, etc.
• NFPA ratings should be on each container via the
  Chemistry Storeroom.
• Notify your supervisor or safety representative
  if there are no labels on a container.

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What are Physical Hazards?

• Flammable
• Combustible
• Compressed Gas
• Oxidizer
• Unstable
• Water Reactive

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What are Health Hazards?
Carcinogens Teratogens Asphyxiates Corrosives Irr
itants Sensitizers Toxic Target Organ Effects
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How Chemicals Enter the Body

• Ingestion swallowing the chemical
• Inhalation breathing in the chemical
• Absorption chemical soaks through the skin

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Corrosives

• A chemical that causes visible destruction of or
  irreversible alterations of living tissue by
  chemical action at the site of contact.
• Amines, Acids

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Target Organ Chemicals

• A chemical capable of adversely affecting a
  specific target organ of the body.
• Capable of adversely affecting one or multiple
  organs of the body.
• Xylene - Kidney, Liver, Central
• Nervous Systems
• Isocyanates - Lungs.

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Oxidizers

• Reactive chemical that releases oxygen and
  accelerates combustion.
• They may be corrosives, irritants, toxins,
  sensitizers, etc.
• Oxygen, peroxides.

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Poisons/Toxics

• Poisons are likely to cause death or serious
  injury if they are swallowed, inhaled, or come in
  contact with the skin. May interfere with oxygen
  distribution in the bloodstream.

• Can enter the body through inhalation,
  absorption, or ingestion.
• Methanol, carbon monoxide

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Carcinogens

• A substance capable of causing or producing
  cancer in humans or animals.
• Exposure to a carcinogen can, over time, cause
  changes in cell division within the body that
  leads to uncontrolled cell growth.
• Formaldehyde, crystalline
• silica, benzene

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HMIS/NFPA Codes
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HMIS/NFPA Labeling
What is the difference?
NFPA
HMIS

• Diamond Shaped
• Address hazards presented by short-term, acute
  exposures to a material during handling under
  conditions of fire, spill, or similar emergencies.

• Rectangular shaped
• Address acute occupational exposure
• PPE Section is at the bottom

• Bottom section is used to indicate special hazards

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NFPA - Special Hazards

• Diamond shaped labels include a fourth hazard
  class called Special Hazards. This hazard class
  is colored WHITE.
• These special hazards are represented by the
  following symbols
• Water Reactive
• OX Oxidizer
• Radioactive

COR Corrosive ACD Acid ALK - Alkali
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HMIS

• Personal Protective Equipment
• Ranges from A to K (pictograms)
• A - Safety Glasses
• B - Safety Glasses and Gloves
• C - Safety Glasses, Gloves, Apron
• D - Safety Glasses, Face Shield, Gloves, Apron
• E - Safety Glasses, Gloves, Dust Respirator
• F - Safety Glasses, Gloves, Apron, Dust Respirator

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HMIS

• Personal Protective Equipment
• G - Safety Glasses, Gloves, Dust and Vapor
  Respirator
• H - Splash goggles, Gloves, Apron, Dust and Vapor
  Respirator
• I - Safety Glasses, Gloves, Dust and Vapor
  Respirator
• J - Splash goggles, Gloves, Apron, Dust and Vapor
  Respirator
• K - Airline Hood or Mask, Gloves, Full Suit, and
  boots

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Material Safety Data Sheets

• Data sheet containing information about the
  hazards associated with a chemical.
• Required by Occupational Safety and Health
  Administration (OSHA).
• All manufacturers, distributors, and consumers
  must have MSDS.
• All hazardous materials MUST have a corresponding
  MSDS.

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MSDS Information

• CHEMICAL COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
• COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
• INFORMATION ON EXPOSURE LIMITS
• PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
• PHYSICAL HEALTH HAZARDS
• PRIMARY ROUTES OF ENTRY INTO BODY
• EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID
• FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
• ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
• PERSONAL PROTECTION
• SUGGESTIONS FOR STORAGE
• DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
• OTHER REGULATORY INFORMATION

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Know Your Area

• Know the hazards associated with the chemicals
  you are working with.
• Know what Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to
  wear in order to protect yourself from the
  hazards.
• Learn the Emergency Procedures. (Do you have a
  procedure???)
• Know the location of the MSDSs in your area.

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CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN
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6.3 STORAGE

• Keep amounts to a minimum
• Labeling name, date, and hazard info (if
  bottle is too small name or structure and date
  will be sufficient
• Date chemicals received/opened
• Compatible containers.
• Closed containers.
• Flammables flammable materials cabinet or
  refrigerator designed for flammable liquid.
• Compressed gas cylinders shall be properly
  secured at all times. Cylinder caps shall be in
  place on cylinders when not in use. Use straps,
  chains, or stands to support the cylinders.

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Exploding Refrigerator
We had an explosion in a lab that could have
killed people and burned down a chemistry
building.  It took place in a separate room in a
new building protected by sprinklers rather that
in the old lab where it would have been in the
lab with people and no sprinkler system. I have
pictures (digital) that I can send if you would
like. They sure helped convince our faculty. We
had solvent stills in the room but they were a
new safer type and that has also convinced people
that these are worth the money as they survived
the explosion.
                                                                                                             
Thermostat inside, left side, caused spark. Refrigerator and freezer compartment doors blown off Freezer compartment interior melted panel ripped off
    
University University of Virginia Year 1997 or
1998 Description of Incident Normal household
refrigerators have several spark points that
caused an explosion from built up fumes.
mess mess mess
                                                                       
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Peroxide Explosion

• University University of California (Davis or
  Berkeley)
• Year 2006
• Description of Incident Undergraduate was
  completing research using a rotovap to remove
  organic solvents from an azobenzene precipitate.
  After adjusting the bottom flask, it exploded
  sending glass into her face and torso. It was
  determined that the most probable cause was
  peroxide formation by the tetrahydrofuran (THF)
  used in the reaction. The THF was tested and
  found to have elevated peroxide levels.

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6.3 STORAGE CONT.

• Incompatible chemical segregation
• Acids
• Bases
• Flammables
• oxidizers
• Water reactive
• No food in chemical refrigerator.
• Proper labeling of refrigerator.
• Highly toxic materials should be secured.
• Questions - Chemistry Storeroom and/or Campus EHS
  Manager.

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5.2 BEHAVIOR IN THE LABORATORY

• Workers shall act in a professional manner at all
  times.
• Horseplay and practical jokes are forbidden.
• No undergraduates are allowed to work in a lab
  alone. The institution also highly discourages
  graduate student work alone in laboratories,
  especially after business hours.
• Visitors should be supervised.
• Contact information should be posted on all
  laboratory doors. If an experiment is being run
  unattended, this information must cover the
  proper contact information in case of a
  catastrophic failure.
• Awareness of Safety Equipment.
• Contact EHS if radioactive materials will be used.

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Lab Fire
University University of California Santa
Barbara Year Mid 1990s Description of Incident
Plumber turned off water to repair faucet leak
upon approval from lab employees. Lab personnel
did not know that another employee had started a
UV-photolysis of a solvent-containing reaction in
a closed box. The photolysis required constant
cooling water flow to prevent the apparatus from
over-heating. After a few minutes with no
cooling water flow, the organic solvent burst
into flames and began to spread to the wooden
box. Fortunately, the plumber now alone
quickly extinguished the blaze with the labs
fire extinguisher.
Example of water-flow measuring device with
automatic electrical power shutoff.
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5.3 AVOIDANCE OF ROUTINE EXPOSURES

• Skin contact with chemicals should be avoided.
• Do not smell or taste chemicals.
• Do not pipette by mouth use a vacuum or pipette
  bulb.
• Vent any experiment that may discharge toxic or
  noxious chemicals into a local exhaust device,
  (i.e., a chemical fume hood).
• Flammable, corrosive or toxic volatile materials
  must be trapped when they are evaporated.

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5.4 PERSONAL HABITS IN THE LABORATORY

• Eating, drinking, gum chewing and cosmetic
  application
• Ice usage
• Frequent hand washing
• Hair must be confined
• Shoes that cover the entire foot are required at
  all times.
• Appropriate attire
• Eye Protection
• Report unsafe conditions
• Spills

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Liquid Nitrogen Explosion
University Texas AM Year 2006 Description of
Incident Internal Pressure Relief Device
Removed for Liquid Nitrogen Tank causing a
pressure build up.
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Liquid Nitrogen Explosion Cont.
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5.5 HOUSEKEEPING

• Lab areas are to be kept clean and uncluttered.
  This will help prevent spillage, breakage,
  personal injuries and unnecessary contact with
  chemicals.
• Contaminated glassware should be cleaned daily.
• Spills shall be cleaned up immediately from work
  areas and floors.
• Doorways and walkways within the lab shall not be
  blocked or used for storage.
• Floors shall be maintained dry at all times.
• Access to exits, hallways, emergency equipment,
  and utility controls shall never be blocked.
• Chemical containers shall be properly emptied and
  cleaned prior to disposal. (Triple-rinsing)
• Equipment and instrumentation shall be cleaned to
  remove spillage and contamination before repair
  or calibration service is requested and service
  personnel will be informed of any hazardous
  contamination prior to servicing.

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Chemical Waste Disposal

• http//sdmines.sdsmt.edu/hazwaste

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Incompatible Waste Explosion

• University University of Kentucky
• Year 1997
• Description of Incident It is believed that
  nitric acid and halogenated organic solvent waste
  were involved, but the exact cause may never be
  known.

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Incident Reporting

• http//sdmines.sdsmt.edu/incident

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References

• OSHA Hazard Communication. - 1910.1200
  http//www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_docum
  ent?p_tablestandardsp_id10099
• Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in
  laboratories. - 1910.1450 http//www.osha.gov/pls/
  oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_tablestandardsp_
  id10106
• http//ehs.ucdavis.edu/ucih/pages/lessons.cfm
• http//www.chem.purdue.edu/chemsafety/NewsAndStori
  es/RefrigStories.htm

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Additional Information
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Flammable Definition

• Flammable" means a chemical that falls into one
  of the following categories
• (i) "Aerosol, flammable" means an aerosol that,
  when tested by the method described in 16 CFR
  1500.45, yields a flame projection exceeding 18
  inches at full valve opening, or a flashback (a
  flame extending back to the valve) at any degree
  of valve opening
• (ii) "Gas, flammable" means (A) A gas that, at
  ambient temperature and pressure, forms a
  flammable mixture with air at a concentration of
  thirteen (13) percent by volume or less or
• (B) A gas that, at ambient temperature and
  pressure, forms a range of flammable mixtures
  with air wider than twelve (12) percent by
  volume, regardless of the lower limit
• (iii) "Liquid, flammable" means any liquid having
  a flashpoint below 100 deg. F (37.8 deg. C),
  except any mixture having components with
  flashpoints of 100 deg. F (37.8 deg. C) or
  higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or
  more of the total volume of the mixture.
• (iv) "Solid, flammable" means a solid, other than
  a blasting agent or explosive as defined in
  1910.109(a), that is liable to cause fire through
  friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous
  chemical change, or retained heat from
  manufacturing or processing, or which can be
  ignited readily and when ignited burns so
  vigorously and persistently as to create a
  serious hazard. A chemical shall be considered to
  be a flammable solid if, when tested by the
  method described in 16 CFR 1500.44, it ignites
  and burns with a self-sustained flame at a rate
  greater than one-tenth of an inch per second
  along its major axis.
• OSHA Hazard Communication. - 1910.1200

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Carcinogen

• 1910.1200(g)(2)(vii)
• Whether the hazardous chemical is listed in the
  National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Report
  on Carcinogens (latest edition) or has been found
  to be a potential carcinogen in the International
  Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs
  (latest editions), or by OSHA