History of the Projector

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History of the Projector

• By Alex Armel
• Hr. 2

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What is a projector?
Dictionary.com says a projector is a machine for
projecting an image onto a screen or other
surface.
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What type of projectors are there?
There are four different types of projectors
there is LED, LCD, CRT, and DLP.
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The Different types
This is an LCD projector
This is the DLP
This is the CRT projector
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LED projectors

• LED-based ultra portable projectors with over
  1000 lumens of light output could come to market
  in 2009.
• The LED projectors are very small and ultra
  portable.
• They are able to have cell phones, and iPods
  plugged into them.

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LCD
LCD (liquid crystal display) projectors work by
passing a very strong beam of light through a
transparent LCD chip, that has the video playing
on it.
Advantages
Some advantages to LCD projectors is that they
are very compact because the LCD chip is so
small. Another thing is that they have high
contrast and brightness capability and they have
a very low power consumption.
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CRT
The CRT (cathode ray tube) use three small
Cathode ray tubes(one for each primary color) and
those are combined with a light magnifying lens
they can project a image onto a screen in a dark
room. With the right processing circuitry tube
size and lens combination they can produce very
high resolution images.
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DLP
The DLP (digital light processing) projector work
kind of like the LCD projector because the image
is displayed in a chip but the DLP chip is
referred to a DMD(digital micromirror device)
every pixel on a DMD chip is a mirror. The
micromirrors on the chip tilt very fast as the
image changes. This produces a grayscale
foundation for the image. Then as light passes
through a high speed color wheel and is reflected
off of the micromirrors on the DLP chip as as
they very quickly tilt away from or towards the
light. Then those two things combined they
produce a picture. Lastly the light bounces of of
the micromirrors and is sent through the lens
onto a screen.
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Different manufacturers of projectors

3M, Aiptek, Acer, BenQ Canon, Casio, Dell, Dream
Vision, Epson, Hitachi, JVC, LG, McIntosh,
Mitsubishi, NEC, Panasonic, Samsung, Sanyo,
Sharp, Sony, Toshiba, View Sonic, Yamaha, Optima,
Vivitek,
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History
1832 Joseph Plateau and sons introduce the
Phenakistoscope. Pictures on one disc viewed
through slots in the other, appeared to move when
the two were spun and viewed in a mirror.1834
The Zoetrope was introduced by William George
Horner. The Zoetrope used the same principle as
Plateau's Phenakistoscope but instead of discs
the pictures and slots are combined in a rotating
drum. Zoetrope's were widely sold after
1867.1839 Henry Fox Talbot makes an important
advancement in photograph production with the
introduction of negatives on paper - as opposed
to glass. Also around this time it became
possible to print photographic images on glass
slides which could be projected using magic
lanterns. 1877 Emile Reynaud introduces the
Praxinoscope. Similar in design to Horner's
Zoetrope, the illusion of movement produced by
the Praxinoscope was viewed on mirrors in the
centre of the drum rather than through slots on
the outside. 1878 Eadweard Muybridge achieves
success after five years of trying to capture
movement. Muybridge was asked, in 1873, by the
ex-governor of California - Leland Stanford to
settle a bet as to whether horses hooves left the
ground when they galloped. He did this by setting
up a bank of twelve cameras with trip-wires
connected to their shutters, each camera took a
picture when the horse tripped its wire.
Muybridge developed a projector to present his
finding. He adapted Horner's Zoetrope to produce
his Zoopraxinoscope. 1882 Etienne Jules Marey,
inspired by Muybridge's animal locomotion
studies, begins his own experiments to study the
flight of birds and other rapid animal movements
. The result was a photographic gun which exposed
12 images on the edge of a circular plate. 1882
Emile Reynaud expands on his praxinoscope and
using mirrors and a lantern is about to project
moving drawings onto a screen.
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History continued
1888 Etienne Marey builds a box type moving
picture camera which uses an intermittent
mechanism and strips of paper film. 1888 Thomas
A. Edison, inventor of the electric light bulb
and the phonograph decides to design machines for
making and showing moving pictures. With his
assistant W.K.L Dickson (who did most of the
work), Edison began experimenting with adapting
the phonograph and tried in vain to make rows of
tiny photographs on similar cylinders. 1889
Edison travels to Paris and views Marey's camera
which uses flexible film. Dickson then acquires
some Eastman Kodak film stock and begins work on
a new type of machine. 1891 By 1891, Edison and
Dickson have their Kinetograph camera and
Kinetoscope viewing box ready for patenting and
demonstration. Using Eastman film cut into inch
wide strips, Dickson punched four holes in either
side of each frame allowing toothed gears to pull
the film through the camera. 1892 Using his
projecting Praxinoscope, Reynaud holds the first
public exhibitions of motion pictures. Reynaud's
device was successful, using long strips of
hand-painted frames, but the effect was jerky and
slow. 1893 Edison and Dickson build a studio on
the grounds of Edison's laboratories in New
Jersey, to produce films for their kinetoscope.
The Black Maria was ready for film production at
the end of January. 1895 The Lathams too had
succeeded in creating a camera and a projector
and on April 21st 1895 they showed one film to
reporters. In May they opened a small storefront
theatre. Their projector received only a small
amount of attention as the image projected was
very dim. The Lathams did however contribute
greatly to motion picture history. Their
projectors employed a system which looped the
film making it less susceptible to breaks and
tears. The Latham Loop as it was dubbed later is
still in use in modern motion picture projectors.
1896 Early in 1896, Herman Casler and W.K.L
Dickson had developed their camera to go with
Casler's Mutoscope. However the market for
peepshow devices was in decine and they decided
to concentrate on producing a projection system.
The camera and projector they produced were
unusual as they used 70mm film which gave very
clear images. 1896 The Lumière brothers sent a
representative from their company to London and
started a successful run of Cinématographe films.
1897 By 1897 the American Mutoscope Company
become the most popular film company in America -
both projecting films and with the peephole
Mutoscope which was considered more reliable than
the kinetoscope.
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More history
1899 The American Mutoscope Company changes its
name to the American Mutoscope and Biograph
Company to include its projection and peepshow
devices. 1903 British film maker George Smith
makes Mary Janes Mishap which was praised for its
sophisticated use of editing. The film uses
medium close-ups to draw the viewers attention to
the scene, juxtaposed with wide establishing
shots. The film also contains a pair of wipes
which signal a scene change.1903 The American
Mutoscope and Biograph Company begin making films
in the 35mm format rather that the 70mm which
boosted their sales. The company went on to
employ one of the most important silent film
directors - D.W Griffith in 1908.
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LCD Projector history

• In 1968 Gene Dolgoff came up with the idea of the
  LCD projector to improve the CRT projector.
• In 1984 he made a liquid crystal display
  projector
• In 1988 he started comparing it to projectavison
  INC.
• They where released to Panasonic and Samsung

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recourses

• http//www.ivojo.co.uk/projector-guide.htm
• http//hometheater.about.com/cs/television/a/aavpr
  ojectora_3.htm
• http//www.avreview.co.uk/news/article/mps/uan/406
  
• http//www.projectorcentral.com/mfg.cfm