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DNA technology

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DNA technology 20000106 DNA ? DNA ? (Double helix) . 4 (A,T,G,C ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: DNA technology


1
DNA technology
?? ??? 20000106 ???
2
DNA? ???? ???
DNA? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???
???? ??. ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??
???? ???? ??? ????. ???????? ?????? ? ???, DNA?
??? ? ???? ? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????
????? ???. ??? ?? ??? ??? DNA ??? ???? ???? ????
????? ??? ?? ???? DNA ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??
?????? ?? ????? ???. ??? ???? DNA ?? ??? ?? ???
?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????. ?? ??? ???? ?? 2,400???
??????, ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ???? 1? ?? 1??? ????.
??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????. ??? ??? 20? ?
??? ???? ???? ???? ???. ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? 30? ?
?? ???. ??? '?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ???
???? ??? ? ?????'?? ?? ?? ?????? ????. ?? ????
???? DNA? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???
????? ?? ??. ???? ?? ???? DNA? ???, ??? ????
????? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????. DNA? ?????
????? ???.
3
DNA? ????
  • ?? ????(Double helix)??.
  • 4?? ??(A,T,G,C),?? ? ?(Deoxyribose)?? ??
  • A? G? purine ????, c? T? Pyrimidine ????.
  • A? T? ???? ???, G? C? ??????? ??.
  • Sugar-phosphate backbone? DNA??? ????, ???? ???
    ????.
  • ??? ??? DNA? ???(nrgative charged)? ??.
  • Nucleotide? DNA??? ?????
  • Nucleotide.
  • DNA? ? 3,5-Phosphodister ???? ?????? ???? ???
    ??.
  • ??? DNA? ?? ???? ??? ??.
  • DNA? ????(DNA sequence)? ???? ??? ???.
  • ? ?? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??

4
???? DNA ??
5
????? ??
6
DNA? ???? ??lt1gt
DNA? ??? ????(Restriction enzyme)? ?? ?
????(Electrophoresis)? ??.
7
Restriction Enzyme
  • ??? ???? ???? DNA? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??. ?? ??
    DNA? ???? ??? ????(Restriction Enzyme)? ??.
  • ????? ?? ??? DNA? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ? ??? ??
    DNA? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????. ? ? ????
    ??? DNA? ????? ???? ??? DNA?? ???? ?????
    ???(Methylation)????.
  • ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? DNA?? ????.
  • ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ????, ???? ?
    ??? ???? ???? ????.
  • ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? DNA?? 4? ??? ??? ??? ?????
    ????. HindIII , KpnI? ?? ????? DNA? ???? ????
    DNA? 5?? ?? 3??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??
    ????(cohesive?? sticky end)? ??.
  • SmaI??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???
    ????(blunt end)? ??.

8
Restriction Enzyme ???
9
Restriction Mapping
?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???
?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ? ?? ? ??. ??? ????
Restriction Map??.
10
????? ??? ??? ????
Plasmid? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? DNA? ??
???(E.coly)? ???. ??? plasmid? copy number? ???
??? DNA? ????.
??? plasmid? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??.(??? ??
sticky end? ?? ?? ??.)
11
Plasmid
  • Plasmid? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? DNA??.
  • ????(Origin of replication)? ??? ?? ????? ? ? ??.
  • ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????.
  • ? ? ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ??

12
????? ??? ??? ????
Phage? head? ?? DNA? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????
?? ??? ?????.(?? ??? ???)
13
T2 ?? T4? ?? ?? ?? (virulent phage)? ??? ???
(lytic cycle)
Vacteriophage? ?? ??(virulent phage)? ??? ??
(temperate phage)? ????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ????
25-30? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???
(lytic cylcle)? ???.
14
? phage? ?? ??? ??? ???
??? ??? ??? ???? ??? (lytic cycle) ?? ??? ???
(lysogenic cycle)? ??? ? ??.    ??? ????? ???
DNA? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??
???. ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????
??? ??. ? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??.
??? ???? ???? ??
15
Vacteriophage
  • ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????(virus)??.
  • ????? DNA ?? RNA? ??? ???, ????? ??? ???(capsid
    protein or coat protein)? ???? ??.
  • ?? ???? DNA??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??.
  • ??? ?? Haid-and tail phage? Filamentous phage?
    ???.

16
DNA? ???? ??lt2gt
Southern blotting
17
Southern blotting? ??
  • ?? ???? 1975? ??(Southern)? ??? ??? ??? ??????
    ??? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? DNA???
    ???. ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????.?? ?? ??
    DNA? ???? ????, ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? DNA???
    ?? ??.??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????
    ????. ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? 300?? ??? ?? ??? ? ???
    ??? ? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???. ??? ??? ??
    DNA? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? DNA? ???? ????
    ??? ?? DNA? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? DNA-DNA ?????
    ??? ???? ??? DNA??? ??? ??? ? ??.?? ???? ???? ??
    ???? ????? ???(RFLP)? ???? ?? ?????. RFLP?
    ???DNA? ????? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???
    ??? ??? ?????.

18
cDNA synthesis
DNA? ???? ? ???? ???? ??, ? ???? ????? ?? ???
mRNA? ????. ??? ??? DNA? '???'?? ??? ???? ???
???? ???, mRNA? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???
????? ???? ??(?????)? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??.
??? ?? ??? mRNA? ??? ??? DNA? ????(???) ???? ???
????, ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? DNA? ??? ?
?? ??. ??? ?? ??? ?? cDNA ????. cDNA? ??? ?????
???? DNA?? ????? ???? ???.
?? ??? DNA? ?? ?? ???? ? ? ??.
?????, ?? ??? ????? 1/501/100? ????? ??.??
mRNA? ?? ??? DNA? ????? ???? ???? ?? DNA? ????
??? ??? ? ?? ??.
19
Gene Library
  • Genomic library
  • cDNA library

20
Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)
  • DNA???  ???(Denatuation Step)? ??? DNA? ? ????
    ?? ???.
  •  Primer? Annealing(Annealing Step)? ??? ?? ?? ?
    ?? ?? DNA? primer? annealing???.
  •   Polymerase? ?? DNA?? ??(Extension step) DNA
    polymerase? ?? ?? DNA? ????  DNA? ?? ???.
  •   ?? ? ??? ???? ?????? in vitro ?? DNA? ???? ????
    ??  ???? DNA? ? ?? ?? ??? 1000000?? ?? ? ? ??. ?,
    ???? DNA??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ??
    DNA??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??.

21
PCR ??? ???
22
PCR ??? ??
23
PCR? ???? ?
  • HBV DNA PCR Hepatitis B virus? ????? ????
    ????(core region)?? ???? ??  primer? ??
    thermostable DNA polymerase, dNPT, MgCl2 ?
    reaction buffer? ???? PCR? ????. (HBV??? ?? ??
    ??? ????. )
  • Hepatitis C Virus RT- PCR HCV RNA PCR? ??? HCV
    strain?? ???? ?? ?? 5-untranslated region(UTR)?
    ?? ?? HCV RNA Virus? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ??. (C? ???
    ???? ? 50?? ?????? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???
    ? ??. HCV RT-PCR? C? Virus? ??? ?????? ?? ?????
    ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ? ?? ????.)
  • Chlamydia PCR Chlamydia trachomatis? major
    outer membrane protein(MOMP)? ????? ????? ????.
  • CMV PCR Herpesvirideae?? ds DNA virus? CMV?
    ????? ?? ??.

24
????
  • Essential cell biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Gene cloning
  • Web site
  • Etc.
  • ??? ?? ?? ? ???? ????? ?? ??
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