Spanish Missions 1500-1580

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Spanish Missions1500-1580

• Pgs. 195-200
• Matching Activity

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Spanish Conquistadors

• The Spanish Conquistadors who explored America
  found gold and silver.
• Mining for gold and silver became the most
  important money-making activity in Spains
  American colonies.
• To protect its gold and silver mines, the Spanish
  built presidos.
• A presido is a fort built in a buffer (land that
  serves as a barrier) for protection

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St. Augustine

• The largest and most important presidio was named
  St. Augustine.
• It was located on the Atlantic coast of Florida
  on a bay first explored by Ponce de Leon.
• St. Augustine was built in 1565.
• It was the first permanent European settlement in
  America.
• It was founded 42 years before the English landed
  at Jamestown.

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Building St. Augustine

• The Spanish were fearful of English pirates and
  Indian raiders.
• To strengthen St. Augustine, they built stone
  walls around the wooden fort.
• It took 25 years to complete.
• St. Augustine served as Spains military
  headquarters in North America.

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Spains Interest in America

• Grow the Spanish empire.
• Expand its economy.
• Spread the Catholic faith

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Ranches and Haciendas

• Realizing that gold was scarce, many Spanish
  settlers made money by raising livestock and
  selling the hides and animal fats to nearby
  markets.
• Settlers often traded with the Pueblo Indians for
  corn, pottery, and cloth.
• Settlers built large haciendas or houses where
  they raised thousands of cattle and sheep.
• The settlers wanted to be self-sufficient.

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Indian Tribes

• The settlers brought horses (long extinct) to
  America which changed the life of the Plains
  Indians.
• The Plains Indians learned to tame the horses and
  use them as transportation which helped them in
  hunting and warfare.
• The Navajos learned to raise sheep and weave the
  wool into colorful clothing and blankets.

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Spanish Missions

• The first Spanish Mission was Nombre de Dios or
  Name of God.
• It was built near St. Augustine in 1565.
• It was the first in a chain of missions that
  would link the Atlantic coast to the Pacific.
• Father Junipero Serra, a Spanish missionary,
  helped build a string of 21 missions in
  California.

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Spanish Missions

• When the Spanish built a mission, it included a
  church, ranch and farm buildings.
• Some missions were built near Indian villages.
• The Spanish would bring livestock, fruit trees,
  and seeds for crops.
• The goal was for the mission to become
  self-sufficient.

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Relations with the Indians

• The Spanish and Indians learned from one another.
• The Indians taught the Spanish how to build adobe
  houses and how to use herbs as medicines.
• The Spanish taught the Indians how to guide a
  plow instead of using a stick and hoe in the
  Indian way.

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Relations with the Indians

• Over time relations between the Spanish and
  Indians changed.
• Many Indians were forced to give up their
  religious traditions, many were forced to work
  against their will, and missionaries used cruel
  treatment to control the Indians.
• Some Indians fought back killing missionaries and
  destroying churches.

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El Camino Real

• To protect its missions the Royal Road (El Camino
  Real) was built to connect missions with
  presidos.
• The first section was built in the middle 1500s
  and stretched for more than 600 miles.
• Many cities such as San Antonio, Texas and San
  Diego, California began as missions.