Morphology of Normal White Blood Cells

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Morphology of Normal White Blood Cells

• Dr Mohamed Iqbal Musani.

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Granulocytes
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Neutrophil

• PMN-Polymorphonuclear
• Leucocytes.
• 60-70 WBC
• Appearance pink granules in cytoplasm, nucleus
  has 3-4 lobes
• Function Phagocytosis of bacteria
• Azurophilic (1) granules are "lysosomes of
  PMNs", occur in all leukocytes

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Eosinophil (Eos)

• Bilobed nucleus
• 2-4 of WBC
• Recruited to sites of inflammation
• Function Involved in allergy, parasitic
  infections
• Contains eosinophilic granules
• Granules contain major basic protein
• Terminally differentiated

Azurophilic granuels
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Basophil

• Circulating form of mast cells
• Terminally differentiated
• lt1 WBC
• Contains basophilic granules
• Granules contain histamine and heparin
• IgE receptors
• Involved in allergy

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Monocyte/ Macrophage

• Monocyte
• 3-8 WBC
• Circulating form (precursor) of tissue
  macrophages
• Recruited to sites of inflammation
• Macrophages
• Phagocytosis, bacterial killing, antigen
  presentation
• Peritoneal cavity peritoneal macrophages
• Lung alveolar macrophages
• Spleen splenic macrophages
• Liver Kupffer cells

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lymphocyte

• Appearance small (same size as RBCs), little
  visible cytoplasm
• NO specific granules
• 20-25 of WBC
• T cells CMI (for viral infections)
• B cells humoral (antibody)
• Natural Killer Cells

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Granulocyte Development

• Trends
• Immature ? Mature
• Large cell ? Small cell
• No granules ? Azurophilic (non-specific) granules
  ? Cell-specific granules
• Round nucleus ? indented nucleus ? U-shaped ?
  multilobed (specific for cell type)

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myeloblast

• 15-20 ?m
• large, euchromatic, spherical nucleus (gt3
  nucleoli)
• basophilic cytoplasm with no granules
• prominent nucleoli
• can be seen in peripheral blood with certain
  leukemias

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promyelocyte

• First recognizable cell in granulopoiesis
• Cannot tell what kind of cell it will become
• 17-26 um in diameter
• Largest cell in series
• Large oval nucleus
• Muliple nucleoli
• Golgi Ghost
• Azurophilic (primary) granules in cytoplasm
• Produced only at this stage

nucleoli
Azurophilic granuels
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Myelocyte (M1)
Eosinophil myelocyte

• Spherical nucleus
• Becomes increasingly heterochromatic
• Prominent Golgi apparatus
• Negative image
• Lots of azurophilic granules
• Formation of specific granules
• Emerge from Golgi (cis face) complex
• Characteristic staining reactions for each line
• Last stage that can do mitosis

golgi
Neutraphil myelocyte
Late Myelocyte/ Early Metamyelocyte
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Metamyelocyte (M2)

• First stage that is clearly divided into separate
  lines
• Few hundred granules present in the cytoplasm
• Specific granules outnumber the azurophlic
  granules 41
• Nucleus
• Heterochromatic
• Indentation deepens to form horse-shoe shape

Neutraphilic metamylocytes
Late neutraphilic metamylocyte
Eosinophil metamylocyte
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Band Cells (M3)

• Last immature stage in Neutrophilic series
• Sometimes seen in circulation
• Particularly during states of chronic
  infection
• Nucleus is elongated and of uniform width
• Nucleus constricts
• 2-5 lobes are formed
• PMNs

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Quiz