EO-1 Mission Status for NRO/NGA

1
EO-1 Mission Status for NRO/NGA

• Bryant Cramer Dan Mandl Stu Frye
• 13 January 2005

2
Overview

• Mission Status
• EO-1 Commitments
• Mission Capabilities Summary
• Funding Profile
• Conclusion
• Backup

3
EO-1 Status

• Enough funding on-hand to operate through January
  2005
• 3 month de-orbit to follow end of funding
• EDC will likely shut down during de-orbit period
  since NASA can no longer cover their revenue
  shortfall with de-orbit funds - EDC costs are
  135K/month and USGS is depending on NASA subsidy
• All systems nominal 9.7 kg fuel remaining for
  de-orbit burns
• EO-1 has enough fuel to follow Landsat-7 in
  formation through September 2005 and remain
  within NASA de-orbiting guidelines
• Orbital Debris Guidelines says re-entry duration
  should be lt 25 years
• Approx. 2 Kg fuel used per Inclination Burn
  (delta-I) every October to stay on WRS grid and
  follow L-7
• Memo has been prepared for NASA Management
  approval seeking variance from guide to allow
  EO-1 to fly through FY09

4
End-of-Life Re-entry Analysis

• Re-entry Duration if EO-1 remains in formation
  with L-7 on WRS
• Re-entry Analysis Parameters
• Propagator Bulirsch Stoer VOP (Step Size 300
  sec) Drag Coefficient (Cd) 2.2
• EO-1 Mass 548.2 kg (Dry Mass)
  Solar Radiation Coefficient (Cr)
  1.5
• EO-1 Area 6.03 m2 Drag Model
  Schatten Predicted Mean Nominal Solar Cycle
• Earth Potential Model JGM2 21x21
  Third Bodies Sun and
  Moon

5
EO-1 Commitments

• January 2002 NASA Partnership with USGS/EDC setup
  for data sales, satellite downlink, L0/L1
  processing/archive/distribution
• March 2003 Agreement with NRO/USGS/NASA for
  hyperspectral image acquisition, data
  exploitation, and special projects
• MOU formally signed December 2003
• Existing commitment will be completed 31 March
  2005
• Agreements with NGA and NOAA
• NOAA commitment completed 29 October 2004
• All NGA requests to date have been satisfied
• ST-6 Mission flying on-board/utilizing EO-1 as an
  on-orbit testbed
• Commitment to JPL to be completed 31 March 2005
• Ongoing volcano, wildfire, flood hazard Sensor
  Web demos and experiments in Mission Autonomy

6
NRO/NGA Support Provided

• Over 1800 Community requested scene acquisitions
  delivered since March 2003
• Secure interface for data orders provided by EDC
• EO-1 Principal Investigators and Scientists
  providing training to Community Researchers
  through Hyperspectral Workshops held specially
  for NRO/NGA
• EO-1 PIs also providing Hyperspectral Data
  Analyses in exchange for data acquisitions of
  PI-requested sites
• Demonstration of civilian agency (NASA/USGS/ISR
  team) value added in support of Dugway Controlled
  Release Experiment (May 2004)
• EO-1 Team documented specialized hyperspectral
  data analysis techniques and developed a layered
  data product fusing output from multiple
  satellites

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EO-1 Sensor Web

• Volcano Tilt meters, Kilauea, Mauna Loa
• USGS Hawaii volcano observatory

Rapid deflation is eruption precursor alert
generated
Fire rehabilitation
Fuel map
EO-1 responds to triggers and has onboard
triggers for snow, water, ice, land, thermal and
clouds
Ground MOPSS Mission Operations Planning and
Scheduling System(GSFC) SGM Science Goal
monitor(GSFC) ASPEN Planning scheduling
(JPL) EPOS Cloud screening (Draper)

• MODIS (Terra and Aqua) used to detect hot spots
  for fires, volcanoes. Also, used for flood
  detection
• MODVOLC
• RapidFire
• Dartmouth Flood Observatory

On-board ASE Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment
(JPL) Livingstone (Ames) Onboard diagnostic tool
flood
Volcano eruption detection assessment
Communication infrastructure Cellular based
architecture for spacecraft using phased array
antennas (GSFC,GRC,Ga Tech, Univ. of Colorado)
GOES used for cloud screening near real-time
Ice breakup
Users
Triggers
Onboard Ground Tools
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Applying Horizontal Sensor Data Fusion for
Southern California Wildfire Monitoring

• Assets used
• EO-1
• SPOT
• Aqua Terra (MODIS)
• Terra (ASTER)
• Landsat 5
• MASTER
• Aircraft (ER-2) based MODIS ASTER
• AirDas
• Airborne Infrared Disaster Assessment System

9
EO-1 Capabilities and Operating Modes

• Extended Mission Mode A combination of
  Production Data Sales, Mission Autonomy Testbed,
  Value-added Product Development, and Science
  Analysis/Training Support
• 20-30 pointing scenes per day with ALI and
  Hyperion ON for all
• All scenes processed, archived, and orderable
• Scientists keep an eye on instrument performance
• Rapid response for priority collects (I.e.,
  current configuration)
• Possibility of Landsat Data Fill-in Mode (due to
  Landsat Failure)
• 60-80 Nadir scenes per day in long strips
  (ALI-only - Hyperion OFF)
• Refresh the U.S. Mainland every 80 days and
  supplement other fill-in needs for quarterly
  global refresh
• Autonomy Testbed converts to Lights-out/Keep-It-Fl
  ying Mode
• 8-9 scenes per day with full lights-out
  operations (lowest cost)
• No science support, data processing, or special
  handling

10
Lifetime Data Analysis Summary

• All systems fully functional after essentially 4
  years on-orbit
• Single failure has been ALI solar calibration
  aperture door
• Infant mortalities are all behind us looking
  now at long term wear-out/ radiation dosage
  effects
• All life-limiting components have been analyzed
  by GSFC engineering and spacecraft manufacturer
• No indicators of degradation have been observed
• Based on Solar Array trend data, operations
  should remain power positive through 2008 before
  PSE parameter changes and/or operations scenarios
  would be affected
• Radiation tolerance limits for some components
  reached after September 2008

We anticipate that fuel limitations will end the
mission in Sept 2009
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Financial Status

• GSFC Operations 3.8M FY04 plus USGS 240K
  augmentation
• Revenue for GSFC Operations currently supplied by
  NRO, NGA, NOAA, ST-6, and Volcano Sensor Web demo
  (to be completed by Feb 05)
• New costs of 805K incurred during FY04 for full
  cost coverage
• 626K full-cost coverage received from HQ Aug
  04 (Code Y-258 funds)
• USGS/EDC costs 1.2M per year
• NASA contributed 0 in FY02, 110K in FY03, 240K
  in FY04, 285K so far in 05
• EDC FY04 shortfall (305K) due to lowered scene
  price (lost 120K since January 2004 price
  reduction for imagery from 500 to 250 per
  scene) and increased bulk customer servicing
  costs
• USGS projects that FY05 costs will be 1.6
  million against expected data sales revenue of
  900K
• USGS is requesting an additional 720K/year if
  Landsat backfill option requires additional
  processing as described herein

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Cost and Revenue Summary for EO-1 Operations and
Science
NASA
Cloud Detection 170K ASE 150K 400K
90K Livingtone 100K Sensor Web 500K Full Cost
615K
500K
NASA Cost per Month
400K
NASA 2M Extended Mission
300K
NASA 7.5M Baseline post launch
NIMA 600K
NGA 400K
200K
NRO 2M
NRO 2M
NASA De-Orbit set aside 1,060K
USGS 400K
100K
NOAA 200k
EDC Shortfall Costs paid by NASA
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Launch 20 Nov 2000
Jan
842K
1,025K
878K
USGS Commercial Data Sales (Kept by EDC for their
OPS)
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Additional Revenue Needs
3,334k
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Conclusion

• EO-1 is fully functional after 4 years on-orbit
• Hydrazine will be depleted at the end of
  September 2009
• With a Waiver/Variance against the 25-year
  re-entry requirement the mission can be extended
  to the end of September 2009
• Life-Limiting components should work through
  September 2008 and mods to operating modes can
  push life through Sep 2009
• 1,060K De-orbit set-aside (FY04 funds) has been
  received at GSFC
• De-orbit funds only cover nominal operations,
  flight software patch development and
  implementation, orbit lowering maneuver
  planning/execution, and other mission shutdown
  activities
• Science, USGS subsidy, and autonomy testbed
  development activities to be shut down at start
  of de-orbit period to prevent cost over-runs

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Conclusion (Landsat back-fill option)

• EO-1 can usefully backfill Landsat-7
• Provide missing data
• Image specific targets
• Undertake full coverage of U.S. on an 80-day
  cycle
• The total cost to do this is about 6M/year minus
  whatever revenue comes from outside sources
• Supporting Landsat-7 is likely a fulltime job and
  may well compromise continued exploitation of
  unique EO-1 capabilities as well as future EO-1
  revenue potential
• Intensively supporting Landsat-7 may be in the
  best interest of maintaining Landsat Data
  Continuity
• We need to decide by January 2005

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Conclusion (Autonomy Option)

• If new funding is found to continue the extended
  mission, a decision will be needed between
• Using the funding at the nominal rate (4-5M per
  year) to continue the operations with full
  capability, or
• Implementing the maximum autonomy mode that would
  lower the cost (1-2M per year) but would limit
  the science, data processing, special handling
  capabilities of the mission

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Back up
18
Short-term Budget Spreadsheet(Depletion of
Existing Funding - K)
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EO-1 Operations Cost Projection (K)
Notes (1) Costs do not reflect de-orbit costs
of 1060K at end of mission (2)
Assumes that GN and SN continue to provide passes
at no cost to project as in first 4 years of
Ops (3) FY01 was a partial year
since launch occurred Nov 2000 (4)
For this exercise, we did not make assumptions
for total s income from bulk customers
(5) FY 05 is funded to about January 2005,
therefore to complete FY 05 only requires
approximately 2738K
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Options to Backfill for Landsat-7

• One option is to maximize ALI imaging to support
  L-7 data needs (e.g., smaller swath size data
  orders)
• ALI swath-width 37KmETM swath width 185Km
• Reduce Hyperion/AC imaging to enable the maximum
  ALI acquisitions
• Reduce or eliminate testbed activities
• Two techniques are available
• Yaw steering in nadir non-pointing mode
• Captures one-fifth of L-7 path (long-duration
  images)
• 15 WRS rows can be recorded (WARP 48 Gbits
  capacity)
• Downlink at polar stations on successive
  orbits
• Pointing to fill in selected targets (current
  mode)
• Constrained to 2-3 rows due to band-to-band
  alignment issue
• Can acquire 25-30 pointing scenes per day
  (185Km length)

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Options (continued)

• In nadir yaw steering mode
• Periodically shift satellite nadir track to cover
  L-7 swath in 5 passes
• Can do table loads to point at different nadir
  track for period of time
• Includes splitting coverage so that nadir track
  could overlap edge of adjacent path to the flight
  path
• It would take 80 days to capture most of the
  continental U.S. (16 cycle days x 5 ALI swaths
  per path)
• Useable data will be reduced by clouds and
  available downlink bandwidth
• Combinations of operating modes possible
• Yaw steering mode for a few orbits
• Pointing mode for the rest of the day
• One strategy is to select tasking requests to
  match highly requested paid customer orders to
  the degree possible (see blue squares on next
  slide next slide)

22
Charts show count of L-7 paid orders from the EDC
archive for L-7 full swath WRS data for last two
years (courtesy USGS) (Note does not include
data orders directly downlinked to internationals)
ALI can gather most of blue squares every 80
days, but cannot fulfill all requirements for
global coverage refresh rate defined in Landsat
Long Term Plan
EO-1 cannot perform International Ground
Station Direct broadcasts
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ALI Coverage of CONUS
80 Day Repeat Cycle
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Supporting Landsat-7

• Users ordering data through EDC have concentrated
  on the continental U.S. and a limited number of
  selected sites elsewhere
• A substantial number of L-7 users dont use the
  full 185Km swath width
• ALI has only a 37Km swath width
• Using ALI to systematically replicate the full
  swath width of L-7 is probably not an efficient
  use of EO-1
• We seek to define an ALI acquisition strategy
  that efficiently uses EO-1 to satisfy the largest
  number of EDC L-7 users by restricting collects
  to the Continental U.S. and selected targets
  overseas of special interest to the EDC user
  community awaiting guidance from NASA
  Headquarters

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Landsat Supplemental Upgrades

• Flight and ground software upgrades to enable
  Landsat supplemental support
• Handling large ALI files on-board (GSFC 3-4
  months)
• Switching between nadir yaw steering and pointing
  modes (USGS TBS months)
• Flight Dynamics orbit data products (GSFC 3-4
  months)
• Ortho-rectified ALI level-1 processing code (USGS
  TBS months)
• Upgrade to user friendly interface (USGS TBS
  months)
• Cost shown in budget spreadsheet beginning in
  FY05 (back up slide)-Timing for when/if to
  implement upgrades needs discussion
• Not all of the USGS cost impacts are in the
  spreadsheet
• Increased service requirements to be negotiated
  with Ground Network management
• USGS agreement will need revision

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EO-1 Instrument Overviews
Landsat 7
EO-1
EO-1
Parameters
ETM
ALI
HYPERION
AC
Spectral Range
0.4 - 2.4 µm

0.4 - 2.4 µm
0.4 - 2.5 µm
0.9 - 1.6 µm
Spatial Resolution
30 m
30 m
30 m
250 m
Swath Width
185 Km
37 Km
7.7 Km
185 Km
Spectral Resolution
Variable
Variable
10 nm

3 - 9 nm
Spectral Coverage
Discrete
Discrete
Continuous
Continuous
Pan Band Resolution
15 m
10 m
N/A
N/A
Number of Bands
7
10
220
256
Excludes thermal channel 35/55 cm-1
constant resolution
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Comparing ALI to Landsat 5 and Landsat 7
ETM Pan band GSD is 15m but IFOV is 18m
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Differences between ALI/ETM

• Band-to-band spatial alignment procedures (yaw
  steering compensations) may be made compatible
  with the Landsat product by resampling, but work
  needs to be done to develop algorithms
• Center wavelength (spectral) differences need
  work too
• The NIR band split on ALI (band 4 and 4) can be
  re-combined by post processing
• Spectral responses of other bands on ALI differ
  from those of ETM
• Level-0 ALI data may need to be degraded to match
  ETM
• ALI data has better S/N and higher order
  quantization (12-bit radiometric resolution
  versus 8-bit ETM)

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EO-1 and Landsat 7Descending Orbit Ground Tracks
Landsat 7 ETM
Landsat 7 ETM
N
(7.7 KM)
(37 KM)
(185 KM)
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EO-1 Off-Nadir and Landsat 7Descending Orbit
Ground Tracks
Landsat 7 ETM
N
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ALI Data Product Work To-Date

• Stitched together Level 1G developed by EDC uses
  EO-1 GPS telemetry to calculate lat/lon metadata
• Used by wildfire Burn Area Emergency Rehab map
  teams
• Additional work on co-registration with
  ortho-rectified Landsat product on-going
• Experimented with ALI to fill-in L-7 fringe data
  (abandoned)
• EO-1 is taking islands and coastlines for L-7
  supplemental
• 78 different sites/128 images captured
• ALI Image Assessment System development
  cross-support