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Education and the World Bank in India

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Education and the World Bank in India Sam Carlson Lead Education Specialist scarlson_at_worldbank.org Summary Primary education is a fundamental right in India, and at ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Education and the World Bank in India


1
Education and the World Bank in India
  • Sam Carlson
  • Lead Education Specialist
  • scarlson_at_worldbank.org

2
Summary
  • Primary education is a fundamental right in
    India, and at the international level an
    important Millennium Development Goal to which
    India and the Bank are totally committed.
  • GOI and States increasingly recognize education
    as a critical input for human capital
    development, employment/ jobs, and economic
    growth, and are putting major financial and
    technical resources into this effort.
  • Nevertheless, demand for education far exceeds
    supply, in terms of both access and quality, at
    all levels.
  • Anxious to get YOUR views as to how the Bank can
    improve its impact on access, learning outcomes
    and reducing skills shortages.

3
Basic Education
  • Two decades of focused programs in basic
    education have reduced out-of-school youth to
    about 10 M (down from 25 M in 2003), most from
    marginalized social groups. Net enrollment rate
    is 85, with social disparities.
  • Key challenge is to finish the access agenda
    and dramatically increase focus on quality, with
    more attention to classroom processes, basic
    reading skills in early grades, teacher quality
    and accountability, community/parent oversight,
    evaluation/assessment.

4
Secondary Education
  • Access and Quality remain big challenges.
  • Gross enrollment rate of 40, with significant
    gaps between genders, social groups, urban/rural,
    such that most secondary students are urban boys
    from wealthier population groups.
  • Private aided and unaided schools 60 of all
    secondary schools, and growing.
  • Overloaded curriculum, poor teaching practices
    and low primary level quality affect secondary
    quality.

5
Vocational Education and Training (VET)
  • VET system is small, and not responding of needs
    of labor market lt40 of graduates find
    employment quickly.
  • Insufficient involvement of industry and
    employers in VET system management, internships.
  • Lack of incentives of public training
    institutions to improve performance.

6
Technical and Higher Education
  • Numerically huge 330 universities and 18,000
    colleges
  • Substantial private provision in professional
    education.
  • But just 11 of youth 18-23 are enrolled.
  • Problems of capacity, quality, relevance, and
    public funding. Hard to retain qualified
    faculty. Limited research.
  • Several world-class institutions.

7
GOI Education Strategy
  • Unprecedented priority to universal elementary
    education.
  • Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan aims to universalize
    elementary education by 2010, and improve
    learning outcomes.
  • Education cess of 3 on income tax, corporation
    tax, excise and customs duties generates
    necessary resources
  • Cost-Share was 50/50 (2007), moving to 65/35
    Center/State
  • Estimate 11th Plan 07-12 60,000-70,000
    crores (US17 billion)
  • Increased focus on quality and upper primary in
    phase II.

8
GOI Strategy (continued)
  • National Mission for Skills is being set up,
    looking at both VET and secondary education
  • New centrally sponsored scheme to update all
    industrial training institutes (ITIs)
  • Significant investments in higher education
    (including reforms and expansion) are expected

9
Bank Strategy and Support
  • IDA Lending 0, 35 years to repay with first 10
    years grace (no repayment)
  • Since FY00 over US 1 Billion (Rupees 40
    billion) committed to sector.
  • Over last 10 years eight State-level District
    Primary Education Projects
  • US 500 M for SSA I Additional US500 M in
    November 2007 for SSA II
  • Increased focus on quality in SSA II
  • Partner with European Commission and UK DFID
  • Still a small player Bank is less than 10 of
    GOI

10
Bank Strategy and Support (continued)
  • US 280 M for VET support 400 Industrial
    Training Institutes, for improved quality and
    relevance (June 2007)
  • US 250 M for Technical Education and
    Engineering reforms in 128 competitively
    selected engineering institutions in 13 states to
    address skills shortages
  • US 70 M for polytechnics in six remote states
    (possible 300 M additional)
  • State education reforms in Orissa and AP

11
Collaboration with Civil Society
  • Over 7,000 NGOs participating as partners in SSA
  • Alternative education programs bridge courses
  • Monitoring of quality
  • Capacity-building of VECs
  • Reference Groups advising States, Districts and
    Blocs
  • Contracting (e.g. MP with Pratham)
  • Not surprisingly, varies greatly by State

12
Bank Research
  • Elementary Education
  • Impact evaluation regarding
  • Incentive payments and schooling inputs on
    student learning
  • Dissemination of education information on school
    governance and student outcomes
  • School characteristics and student outcomes
  • Instructional time on task survey

13
Bank Research
  • Early Childhood Development focus on integrated
    (health/nutrition/education) approaches
  • Will feed into US 450 M Integrated Child
    Development Services Project
  • Secondary Education major analytical study
    related to expanding access, particularly for
    girls and marginalized groups, and to role of
    private sector
  • Higher Education contribute to debate regarding
    how India can address skills shortages among HE
    graduates, linked to economic growth
    opportunities.

14
Banks Limitations
  • Engagement in Indian education is largely through
    centrally-sponsored schemes, while most
    implementation happens at the State level. Need
    to find ways to foster dialogue and technical
    assistance with States, and increase exchanges
    with civil society on substantive policy issues.

15
Additional Issues for Discussion
  • Access versus quality tradeoffs
  • Role of public and private sectors in education
    financing and provision
  • Prioritization of education levels (basic,
    secondary, VET, higher)
  • Role of civil society in policy debates and
    project implementation

16
Thank You
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