NATIONAL INNOVATION CAPACITY:

1

• NATIONAL INNOVATION CAPACITY
• The ability of a country to produce and
  commercialize innovative technology over the
  long term. RD is very critical as the primary
  source of technological innovation
• Innovative Capacity plays an important role in
  long run economic growth by creating new and
  higher quality products and improving production
  efficiency. Improving Innovation capacity can
  generate spillover benefits as well.
• Sophistication of National Innovation Capacity is
  reflected through the indicators like
• -Patents
• -Scientific Publications
• -Existence of International High Technology
  Industries and Share of Exports in High-Tech
  Industries
• -Total Factor Productivity
• -Aggregate RD Spending by Public and Private
  Sector
• -Share of GDP spent on Higher Education

2

• WHAT ARE THE DETERMINANTS OF INNOVATIVE CAPACITY
• MACRO DETERMINANTS
• 1-presence of strong innovation infrastructure
  and funding
• 2-overall science and technology policy
  environment
• 3-mechanisms and institutions for supporting
  higher education and basic research
• 4-cumulative stock of technological knowledge
  where ideas were developed and commercialized
  (past RD experience)
• 5-Educational Matching
• MICRO DETERMINANTS
• 1-Competitiveness of the Domestic Market and
  Openness to International Trade
• 2-The Responsiveness of the firms to
  technological opportunities and innovation at
  global frontier.
• 3- The overall technological sophistication of
  the economy. Demand for innovative products and
  services from the industrial clusters and
  customers
• 4-Strength of linkages between the common
  innovation infrastructure and industry
• 5-Interconnectedness of vertically and
  horizontally related industries in terms of
  knowledge spillovers, economies of scale and
  geographical concentration

3
Local Context that encourages investment in
innovation related activities International and
Domestic Competition
INPUT -High Quality Human Resources in
scientific, technical and managerial
personnel -Strong basic research infrastructure
in universities -High Quality information
Infrastructure -Supply of Capital and Funds
Sophisticated and Demanding Local Customers and
Industries
Related and Supporting Industries Presence of
Capable Local Suppliers and Related
Companies Presence of Clusters instead of
isolated industries
4

• Symbiotic Relation between Universities, Industry
  and RD-Technology Creation
• Technology Creation requires research oriented
  qualified human resources, information
  accumulation, financial resources and systematic
  RD activity.
• Universities create knowledge and do research.
  The have the potential to generate research for
  industrial purposes.
• Industry utilizes scientific and technological
  potential for production.

5

• What Universities can provide for Industry
• -human resources
• -new products and technology development
• -research, design and application
• -educational programs
• -evaluation of patents and licenses
• -evaluation of foreign technologies
• -adaptation of foreign technologies
• -standardization
• -library services
• -Measurement, test and quality control services
• -Consultation
• Translation, dissemination of scientific
  literature

6

• What Industry can Provide for University
• -Permission to visit the production sites
• -Permission to use the laboratories and shop
  floors
• -Project financing and Funding
• -Scholarships for research activities
• -Allowing its own personnel to lecture in
  Universities
• -Part time jobs and apprenticeship opportunities
  for students
• -Consulting universities for technical and
  managerial problems

7

• Benefits of University-Industry Relations
• Unification of scientific and financial resources
  for educational and production quality,
  efficiency and cost reduction
• Students can enhance their learning capability by
  working in industry during their studies
• Dissemination of information between industrial
  and educational institutions
• Avoiding loss of time for transferring new
  technologies into industry, contribution to the
  development of economy
• Cost sharing for RD activities
• Reduction of dependence on foreign technologies
• Increasing the contribution of universities to
  national economy

8

• TECHNOPARKS
• First Techno-park established in 1952 in the US
  in North California Stanford Research Park
• 1972 Britain Cambridge Techno-park
• Italy Area Science Park 1992
• UK Cambridge Science Park 1970
• Manchester Science Park 1984
• India Knowledge Park in Andhra Pradesh research
  in bio-technology, health, information tech,
  environmental science

• TECHNOPARKS IN TURKEY
• KOSGEB ITU AND ODTU TEKNOLOJI GELISTIRME
  MERKEZLERI
• BOGAZICI UNIVERSITY, YILDIZ TEKNIK UNIVERSITY,
  KARADENIZ TEKNIK UNIVERSITESI, TUBITAK MAM
  TEKNOLOJI GELISTIRME MERKEZLERI

9

• WHY TECHNOPARKS ARE IMPORTANT?
• 1-INCUBATION CENTRES (KULUCKA MERKEZLERI)
• The transformation of ideas into applicable
  technology
• Support for office, research laboratories,
  consultation, technical facilities
• 2-CONTRIBUTION TO THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
• The establishment of industrial clusters around
  universities and technoparks
• 3-CONTRIBUTION TO THE GLOBALIZATION
• Bringing new ideas, finance and know-how from
  foreign countries to the firms
• 4-INTEGRATED SERVICES FOR INDUSTRIES
• Finance-through venture funds, government support
  or private funds
• -Creation of value added
• -Consultation Services such as marketing,
  production planning, technology, firm
  establishment
• -Library, workshop, patent information, database
  sources

10
INDUSTRY VENTURES
UNIVERISTY
FINANCE, SERVICES CONSULTING
RESEARCH LABS