Role of Vaccination in Control of BVDV

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Role of Vaccination in Control of BVDV
2004 NCBA Cattlemans College
Dan Grooms DVM, Michigan State University,
College of Veterinary Medicine
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Goal For The Day

• Type of BVDV vaccines available
• Role of vaccines in BVDV control

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• Seventh Edition of Compendium of Veterinary
  Products
• 147 BVDV vaccine combinations available

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Types of BVDV Vaccines

• Killed or inactivated
• Modified-live or attenuated

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Killed BVDV Vaccines

• Advantages
• Generally safer
• Dead virus
• Pregnant cows
• Handling
• More stable
• Can use over time if handled correctly

• Disadvantages
• Protection not as good
• Duration
• Breadth
• Immune response different than live virus
• More expensive
• Triangle 10 ds 11.85
• Pyramid 10 ds 9.69

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Modified-Live BVDV Vaccines

• Advantages
• Generally better protection
• Duration
• Breadth
• Immune response more closely mimics natural
  exposure
• Cheaper
• Express 10 ds 8.59
• Elite 10 ds 10.65

• Disadvantages
• Safety
• Live replicating organism
• Potential for transmission
• Potential for mutation
• Potential of fetal infection
• Handling
• Susceptible to inactivation
• Must use once mixed

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Type of Virus in The Vaccine
1 a b 2
Continuum of Antigenicity
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Chart of MLV BVDV Vaccines
Company Name Type 1 Type 2
Pfizer Bovishield NADL (1a)
Pfizer Bovishield Gold NADL (1a) 296 (?)
Ft. Dodge Pyramid Singer (1a)
Schering Jencine WRL (1a) Noncytopathic
Novartis Arsenal 4.1 X X
Intervet/Agrilab Titanium C24V (1a) 296
Biocor Herd Vac Singer (1a)
Merial Reliant NADL (1a)
Boehringer Express Singer (1a) 296
Not complete
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Chart of Killed BVDV Vaccines
Company Name Type 1 Type 2
Pfizer Cattlemaster 5960 6309 (1a)
Ft. Dodge Triangle Singer (1a) 5912
Ft. Dodge Prism X X
Intervet/Agrilabs Master Guard C24V (1a) 296
Novartis Vira Shield KY22 (1a) TN131
Biocor Surround Singer (1a) NY1 (1b)
Merial Respishield NADL (1a)
Boehringer Elite Singer (1a)
Not complete
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Location
Exposure
Time of Year
Type of Vaccine
Contraindications
Considerations
IN/SQ/IM
Management
Economics
Animal Use
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Pigs
Mucosal Disease
Sheep
Deer?
Thrombocytopenia
Normal
Acute Infection
Acute Death
Poor Performance
BRD
Immunosuppression
Diarrhea
Immunosuppression
Fetal Infection
Subclinical Infection
Persistent Infection
Abortions
Normal
Congenital Defects
Weak Calf Syndrome
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Pigs
Mucosal Disease
Sheep
Deer?
Thrombocytopenia
Normal
Acute Infection
Acute Death
Poor Performance
BRD
Immunosuppression
Diarrhea
Immunosuppression
Fetal Infection
Subclinical Infection
Persistent Infection
Abortions
Normal
Congenital Defects
Weak Calf Syndrome
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Fetal Protection Against BVDV
Study Vaccine Virus Challenge Virus Vaccinates Controls Percent Protected
Mclurkin et al 1975 Killed 1 CP 1 12/14 0/5 86
Harkness et al 1985 Killed 9 CP 1 7/11 0/11 64
Meyling et al 1987 Killed 1 CP 1 3 NCP 1 2/8 0/5 25
Cortese et al 1998 MLV 1 NCP 1 10/12 0/10 83
Brock et al 2001 MLV 1 NCP 2 11/19 0/6 58
Zimmer et al 2002 Killed CP and NCP 3 NCP 1 7/9 0/15 78
Zimmer et al 2002 Killed CP and NCP 3 NCP 1 5/15 0/15 33
Patel et al 2002 Killed CP1 NCP 1 9/11 0/7 81
Dean et al 2003 MLV 1 NCP 1 25/27 0/13 92
Protected/Challenged
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Herd Vaccine Calf Mortality BVDV Virus Isolated
A MLV 1 11.6 2
B MLV 1 11.2 2
C MLV 1 25 2
Van Campen JVDI 200012263
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BVDV Vaccination and Fetal Protection
Vaccination for BVDV is not 100!! Combine with
biosecurity and PI management
Point 1
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Antigenic Diversity
Does a vaccine containing type 1 BVDV protect
against a type 2 BVDV challenge (or vice
versa)???????
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MLV Type 1 Vaccine
Day 75 Gestation
Type 1 Challenge
Type 2 Challenge
10 Normal
2 PIs
8 PIs
11 Normal
83 Protection
58 Protection
Cortese et al AJVR 1998591409
Brock et al Vet Thera 20012354
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BVDV Vaccination and Fetal Protection
Vaccination for BVDV is not 100!! Combine with
biosecurity and PI management
Point 1
It is desirable to provide broad protection
against antigenic diversity of BVDV
Point 2
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Timing of BVDV Vaccine to Maximize Fetal
Protection
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Infertility
Normal/Abnormal Seropositive
Congenital Defects
Immunotolerance-PIs
Abortion
EED
0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
Month
Time line of BVDV effects on Bovine Reproduction
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BVDV Vaccination and Fetal Protection
Vaccination for BVDV is not 100!! Combine with
biosecurity and PI management
Point 1
It is desirable to provide broad protection
against antigenic diversity of BVDV
Point 2
Timing of vaccination should maximize immunity in
early pregnancy
Point 3
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Pigs
Mucosal Disease
Sheep
Deer?
Thrombocytopenia
Normal
Acute Infection
Acute Death
Poor Performance
BRD
Immunosuppression
Diarrhea
Immunosuppression
Fetal Infection
Subclinical Infection
Persistent Infection
Abortions
Normal
Congenital Defects
Weak Calf Syndrome
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Protection Against Acute BVDV Disease

• Most experimental studies show good protection
  against acute disease.
• Most studies show protection when vaccine virus
  and challenge virus are different (type 1
  vaccine, type 2 challenge).
• No real good large scale field trials looking at
  vaccine efficacy.

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Performance Of Feedlot Cattle Exposed To Animals
Persistently Infected With Bovine Viral Diarrhea
Virus
D.L. Grooms and K.V. Brock
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Vaccine Effect on Feedlot Calf Performance
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Vaccine Effect on Feedlot Calf Performance
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BVDV Vaccination and Acute Infection
Protection requirements may not be as stringent
as for fetal protection reasonable cross
protection
Point 1
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Vaccine Effect on Feedlot Calf Performance
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BVDV Vaccination and Acute Infection
Protection requirements may not be as stringent
as for fetal protection reasonable cross
protection
Point 1
Vaccination for BVDV is not 100!! Combine with
biosecurity and PI management
Point 2
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Control and Prevention of BVDV

• Biosecurity
• Seek and Destroy PIs
• Vaccination Program
• Strategic in Timing
• Broad Protection Against Virus Diversity

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Dan Grooms DVM Michigan State University College
of Veterinary Medicine 517-432-1494 groomsd_at_cvm.ms
u.edu