Title: With an Overview of the Memorandum of Understanding
1How to Identify and Report Child Abuse and
Neglect in Delaware
- With an Overview of the Memorandum of
Understanding - Between the Department of Education (DOE) and the
Department of Services for Children, Youth and
Their Families (DSCYF) - DEVELOPED BY THE CHILD PROTECTION ACCOUNTABILITY
COMMISSION (CPAC) - School Training - August 2012
2HOW MANY CHILDREN ARE UNSAFE BECAUSE THEY ARE
ABUSED OR NEGLECTED?
- National Statistics
- In FFY 2009, 3.3 million allegations of child
abuse and neglect were reported. - 25 of the investigations determined at least
one child was abused or neglected. - In FFY 2009, 1,770 children died as a result of
abuse or neglect.
- Delaware Statistics
- The Division of Family Services received 14,010
reports in FY 2011. - Of those, 7,358 (53) met the criteria for
investigation. - 1,651 reports were substantiated.
Source DHHS, ACF Child Maltreatment 2009 Family
Services Intake and Investigation Statistics
2
3HOW DO I RECOGNIZE CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT?
- DIVISION OF FAMILY SERVICES
- CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT REPORT LINE
- 24/7 1-800-292-9582
3
4CHILD ABUSE
- As defined in 10 Del.C.901(1), Abuse or
abused child means that the person - - Causes or inflicts sexual abuse on a child or
- - Has care, custody, or control of a child, and
causes or inflicts - Physical injury through unjustified force as
defined in 468 of Title 11 - Emotional abuse
- Torture
- Exploitation or
- Maltreatment or mistreatment
4
4
5 UNJUSTIFIED FORCE INCLUDES BUT IS NOT LIMITED
TO
- Throwing the child, kicking, burning, cutting,
striking with a closed fist - Interfering with breathing
- Use of or threatened use of a deadly weapon
- Prolonged deprivation of sustenance or
medication, or doing any other act that is likely
to cause or does cause physical injury,
disfigurement, mental distress, unnecessary
degradation or substantial risk of serious
physical injury or death.
5
5
6CHILD ABUSE AS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE
- 11 DEL. C. 1103
- Misdemeanor
- causes physical injury to a child or
- causes physical injury to a child when the person
has engaged in a previous pattern of abuse and/or
neglect of such child. - Felony
- causes serious physical injury to a child or
- causes physical injury to a child 3 years of age
or younger or - causes physical injury to a child who has
significant intellectual or developmental
disabilities. - The misdemeanor and felony offenses both require
that the person recklessly or intentionally
causes the physical injury. - 11 DEL. C. 1103 defines physical injury and
serious physical injury.
6
7NEGLECT
-
- As defined in 10 Del. C. 901 (18) "Neglect" or
"neglected child" means that a person - a. Is responsible for the care, custody, and/or
control of the child and - b. Has the ability and financial means to
provide for the care of the child and.
7
7
8NEGLECT (CONT.)
- 1. Fails to provide necessary care with regard
to food, clothing, shelter, education, health,
medical or other care necessary for the child's
emotional, physical, or mental health, or safety
and general well-being or - 2. Chronically and severely abuses alcohol or a
controlled substance, is not active in treatment
for such abuse, and the abuse threatens the
child's ability to receive care necessary for
that child's safety and general well-being, or - 3. Fails to provide necessary supervision
appropriate for a child when the child is unable
to care for that child's own basic needs or
safety, after considering such factors as the
child's age, mental ability, physical condition,
the length of the caretaker's absence, and the
context of the child's environment.
8
9SEXUAL ABUSE
- As defined in 10 Del.C.901(21), "Sexual abuse"
means any - act against a child that is described as a sex
offense in - 761(h) of Title 11 including
- Sexual Harassment
- Indecent Exposure
- Incest
- Unlawful Sexual Contact
- Rape
- Sexual Abuse of a Child by a Person in a Position
of Trust, Authority or Supervision. - Sexual Exploitation of a Child
- Dealing in Child Pornography
9
10DETERMINING AGE OF CONSENT FOR SEXUAL CONTACT
- Consensual sexual contact between two minors does
not require a mandatory report, even if that
sexual contact results in a pregnancy. - Suspected sexual behavior by force or coercion
against a minor (even by another minor) must be
reported.
10
11DETERMINING AGE OF CONSENT FOR SEXUAL CONTACT
(CONT)
- 18 years and older Can consent to sexual contact
with other adults. Except - When the victim suffers from a cognitive
disability, mental illness or mental limitation
which renders the victim incapable of appraising
the nature of the sexual conduct or incapable of
consenting - If force or coercion occurred on school grounds
or at a school function or - If sexual contact occurred between a student and
a school employee, then a school employee must
report to the school administrator or designee. - Additionally, all of these incidents require a
report to the police.
11
12DETERMINING AGE OF CONSENT FOR SEXUAL CONTACT
(CONT)
- 16 and 17 year-olds Can consent to sexual
contact with someone who is under 30 years of
age. - 12-15 year-olds Can ONLY consent to sex with
someone who is no more than 4 years older than
the child. - Under 12 years-old Children under 12 years old
CANNOT legally consent to sexual contact. All of
these cases MUST be reported. - Children CANNOT legally consent to sexual contact
with anyone who is in a position of authority
(e.g. family member, babysitter, coach, teacher,
doctor, clergy, etc.).
12
13ENHANCED PENALTIES FOR CRIMES ASSOCIATED WITH
SEXUAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN
- Title 11 of the Delaware Code Relating to Crimes
Against Children and Specific Offenses was
amended on June 30, 2010 to clarify who is in a
position of trust, authority or supervision over
a child and to enhance the penalties for
committing such offenses. - The provisions of the present criminal code
concerning rape and unlawful sexual conduct that
contain position of trust were also
consolidated as a single crime known as "sexual
abuse of a child by a person in a position of
trust, authority or supervision."
13
14EMOTIONAL MALTREATMENT
- Emotional abuse - defined as threats to inflict
undue physical or emotional harm, and it may also
include chronic or recurring incidents of
ridiculing, demeaning, and making derogatory
remarks. - Emotional neglect - defined as incidents of
isolating/shunning, rejecting or ignoring the
child.
14
15DEPENDENCY
-
- 10 Del. C. 908 (8) "Dependency" or "dependent
child" means that a person - a. Is responsible for the care, custody, and/or
control of the child and - b. Does not have the ability and/or financial
means to provide for the care of the child and
15
15
16DEPENDENCY (CONT.)
-
- 1. Fails to provide necessary care with regard
to food, clothing, shelter, education, health
care, medical care or other care necessary for
the child's emotional, physical or mental health,
or safety and general well-being or -
- 2. The child is living in a nonrelated home on
an extended basis without the consent and
approval of the DSCYF or any agency or court
licensed or authorized to place children in a
nonrelated home or - 3. The child has been placed with a licensed
agency which certifies it cannot complete a
suitable adoption plan. -
16
17DEPENDENCY INCLUDES
- Child Living in a Non-Related Home
- Inability to Complete Adoption Plan
- Out-of-State Runaway
- Abandoned Infant (Safe Arms)
17
18SAFE ARMS FOR BABIES 1-800-262-9800
- Safe Arms for Babies allows a parent to go to any
Delaware hospital emergency department and leave
their newborn (14 days old or younger) with any
emergency department staff or volunteer. - Provides immunity from criminal prosecution for
abandonment provided the baby is alive, unharmed
and brought into a hospital emergency department. - Detailed information can be found at the Division
of Public Healths website - http//www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/dph/chca/dphahsa
b01.html
18
18
19RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ABUSE AND NEGLECT
- SUBSTANCE ABUSE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
19
20SUBSTANCE ABUSE
- Parental addiction is a significant factor in
child abuse and neglect - cases, with studies suggesting 40 to 80 of
families in the child - welfare system are affected by addiction.Â
- Data indicates that abused and neglected children
from substance - abusing families are more likely to be placed in
foster care and to - remain there longer than maltreated children from
non-substance - families.
- SOURCE CWLA NATIONAL FACT SHEET 2008
20
21SUBSTANCE ABUSE (CONT.)
- Endangering the Welfare of a Child
- 11 Del. C. 1102(a)(5)
- (5) The person commits the offense of Driving
Under the Influence as set forth in 4177 of
Title 21, or the offense of Operating a Vessel or
Boat Under the Influence as set forth in 2302
of Title 23, and during the commission of the
offense knowingly permits a child less than 18
years of age to be a passenger in or on such
vehicle, vessel or boat.
21
22DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
- Delaware law does not mandate reports of DV to
law enforcement for adult victims. - DV cases involving children are mandated reports
to DFS when the DV is chronic or
severe/escalating and impairs the caregivers
ability to keep the child safe. - In Delaware, there are a variety of services to
help victims of DV including 24 hour hotlines
that can provide crisis intervention, resources,
legal remedies and safety planning.Â
22
23WHEN CHILDREN ARE INVOLVED IN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
- Report cases to DFS of child abuse when a
- Child is injured during an incident of domestic
violence. - Child is not injured but is at risk of injury,
such as witnessing domestic violence where a
weapon or a potentially dangerous object has been
used or where a child has attempted to physically
intervene in a manner that puts the child in
danger of being injured.
23
24WHEN CHILDREN ARE INVOLVED IN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
(CONT)
- Report cases to DFS of emotional harm to a child
due to domestic violence when a - Child is aware of DV (either chronic or single
incident) perpetrated against his/her caregiver
by a domestic partner and that involves a
significant injury to the victim or use of
weapon AND - Child has a diagnosed mental health condition or
behaviors that signify severe psychological harm.
24
25DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SERVICES
- Child Inc.'s Domestic Violence ProgramNew Castle
County (Bilingual) 302-762-6110 - SAFE Program at People's PlaceKent and Sussex
Counties 302-422-8058Northern Kent County
302-678-3886 - Abriendo Puertas Bilingual HotlineSussex County
302-745-9874
25
26HOW DO I REPORT CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT?
DIVISION OF FAMILY SERVICES CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT
REPORT LINE 24/7 1-800-292-9582
26
27TITLE 16, SUBSECTION 903 OF THE DELAWARE
CODE STATES
- Any person, agency, organization or entity who
knows or in good faith suspects child abuse or
neglect shall make a report in accordance with
904 of this title.
27
27
28CAN I BE HELD LIABLE FOR MAKING A REPORT ABOUT
CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT?
- 16 Del.C. 908 (a) states that
- Anyone participating in good faith in the making
of a report or notifying police officers pursuant
to this chapter, performing a medical examination
without the consent of those responsible for the
care, custody and control of a child pursuant to
906(b)(5) of this title, or exercising
emergency protective custody in compliance with
907 of this title, shall have immunity from any
liability, civil or criminal, that might
otherwise exist,
28
29CAN ANYTHING HAPPEN TO ME IF I DO NOT REPORT
CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT?
- There is a penalty for not reporting.
- 16 Del. C. 914. Penalty for violation.
- Whoever violates 903 of this title shall be
liable for a civil penalty not to exceed 10,000
for the first violation, and not to exceed
50,000 for any subsequent violation. - In any action brought under this section, if the
court finds a violation, the court may award
costs and attorneys' fees.
29
30WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF YOU SUSPECT CHILD ABUSE OR
NEGLECT?
- If you observe physical or behavioral indicators,
ask Minimal - Fact Questions, such as
- What happened?
- When did that happen?
- Where did that happen?
- Did you tell anyone what happened?
- Write down childs exact words if you must speak
to child. - If the child is unable to communicate, then make
the report based on your observations of the
physical and/or behavioral indicators.
30
31WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF YOU SUSPECT CHILD ABUSE OR
NEGLECT? (CONT.)
- Avoid
- Expressing disbelief, shock or anger, etc.
- Value judgments and accusatory statements
- Thank the child for telling you and tell the
child it is not his/her fault. - Tell the child you have to report the abuse to a
professional.
31
32WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF YOU KNOW/SUSPECT CHILD
ABUSE OR NEGLECT? (CONT.)
- Do not interview the child multiple times.
- Do not take pictures of the injuries or ask the
child to undress. (Exception medical
providers) - Do not notify the parent/caretaker you are making
a report.
32
33WHAT INFORMATION IS NEEDED TO MAKE A REPORT?
- Demographics
- Known information about the parents or siblings
- Known information about the alleged child
victims physical health, mental health,
educational status - Information regarding medical attention that may
be needed for injuries - Any information you have about the way the
caregivers behavior is impacting the care of the
child and - Known information that could put the childs or
DFS workers safety in peril such as the presence
of alcohol, drugs, weapons, dangerous animals or
criminal behavior. -
33
34CHILD ABUSE REPORT LINE
- To report suspected child abuse or neglect in
Delaware call the 24 Hour Division of Family
Services (DFS) Report Line at 1-800-292-9582. -
- Delawares 800 is a national and statewide
number. Reports should not be made to local DFS
offices. - Spanish translation is available 24/7.
- DFS also accepts written reports and walk-in
reports. - Calls are digitally recorded for random quality
assurance reviews. -
34
34
35- Magic words are I want to make a report.
- If unsure, DFS needs to be the decider. Its okay
to call the Report Line and discuss what you
know. - The person who spoke to or observed the child
should make the report because it is required by
statute and the Report Line may have questions
about the childs disclosure or condition. - DFS may have information about the family you
dont know about. - You will be informed at the time of your call
whether the report has been accepted or not for
investigation or you should receive a call back
within 24 hours, if you provide your name.
CHILD ABUSE REPORT LINE (CONT)
35
35
36THREE QUESTIONS THAT WILL BE ASKED OF THE REPORTER
What are you worried about?
What is working well?
What needs to happen next?
36
37WHAT ARE YOU WORRIED ABOUT?
37
38GENERALIZATIONS VS. BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT
She is mentally ill.
- How do you know?
- What are the caregiver behaviors associated with
it? - When do those behaviors show themselves?
- How do those behaviors impact the child?
- How did you find out?
- What does the child know?
- What has the child seen?
- What are you worried is happening or will happen?
38
39WHAT IS WORKING WELL?
If DFS does not know what is working well they
cannot know how worried to be. Questions will be
asked that rigorously surface the history of
protectionand how this can be applied to the
safety of the children going forward.
39
40WHAT NEEDS TO HAPPEN NEXT?
- To Keep the Child Safe, AND
- To Help the Family.
40
41THE DIVISION OF FAMILY SERVICES
- Receives reports for all children in the State
of - Delaware that have been abused or neglected.
- Then DFS will do one of three things
- 1. Accept the report and investigate the
allegations or - conduct a family assessment or
- 2. Refer the report to law enforcement for
investigation - or
- 3. Document the report, but not investigate the
- allegations.
41
42NEW DFS RESPONSE TIMES
- Investigation Response Times
- Priority One Within 24 hours
- Priority Two Within 72 hours
- Priority Three Within 10 days
42
43MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING (MOU) BETWEEN DOE AND
DSCYF
The entire MOU can be found at http//www.doe.k12
.de.us/DDOEDSCYFMOU.pdf
43
44OVERVIEW OF THE MOU
- Ensures Compliance with 14 DE Code 4123, which
requires full-time teachers to receive 1 hour of
training every year in the detection and
reporting of child abuse - Establishes Each Disciplines Roles and
Responsibilities in the Reporting and
Investigation of Child Abuse - Enhances Case Collaboration and Information
Sharing - Delineates McKinney- Vento Protections
- Establishes a Protocol for Transition to/from
DSCYF to Local Education Agencies (LEAs) and
Charter Schools and - Addresses Confidentiality and Dispute Resolution.
44
45ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES CHILD ABUSE REPORTING
- Local Education Agencies/Charter Schools shall
- Report suspicion of abuse or neglect
- Make a new report each time abuse or neglect is
suspected - School employee who spoke to or observed the
child shall make the call to the report line. - Fax or mail the Mandatory Reporting Form to DFS
within 72 hours for documentation. -
-
45
46ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES CHILD ABUSE
INVESTIGATION
- Division of Family Services will respond as
follows for reports initiated by the
school - Never release the source of the report
- Decide whether or not to initiate the
investigation on-site at the school - Contact the school about the expected response
time - Report to the schools main office and provide
ID, if a school response is warranted - Contact law enforcement for reports that would
constitute a criminal violence against a child
and may request a police response at the school
or for the police to transport the child to the
hospital
46
47ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES CHILD ABUSE
INVESTIGATION(CONT)
- Division of Family Services will respond as
follows for reports initiated by the
school - Discuss the interview process with the reporter
and conditions under which school personnel could
be present - Interview the child
- Observe and photograph a childs physical
injuries in the school environment - Never conduct a physical assessment of a child
alleging sexual abuse - Never transport a child without legal custody,
temporary emergency protective custody or a
signed parental/legal guardians consent
47
48ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES CHILD ABUSE
INVESTIGATION(CONT)
- Division of Family Services will respond as
follows for reports initiated by the
school - Authorized to take Temporary Emergency Protective
Custody of a child from a school, day care
facility, or child care facility and - Permitted to inform the reporter about the
following - - DFS responded, the child is safe or the child
was placed - - Who is allowed to have contact with child
- - Explain if there is something school should be
doing - - Who school should call if something else
happens and - - When the childs placement changes if the child
was placed out of home. -
48
49ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES CHILD ABUSE
INVESTIGATION(CONT)
- Division of Family Services will respond as
follows for reports initiated by other
sources - Decide whether or not to initiate the
investigation at the school - Attempt to contact the school about the expected
response time - Report to the main office and provide ID if a
school response is warranted - May request that the school nurse assist with the
physical assessment of the child, but will not
request the nurse to complete the physical
assessment prior to the DFS response and - Wellness Center reports will be handled as
external reports, but the school may be contacted
to obtain information. -
49
50MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESPONSETO REPORTS
- DFS and/or law enforcement will conduct an
investigation for any report that involves an
offense against a child. - The Department of Justice (DOJ) will decide if
there is enough evidence to prosecute criminally
or civilly. - Whenever appropriate, cases will also be referred
to the Childrens Advocacy Center (CAC) for a
forensic interview, medical exam and/or mental
health screening.
50
51HOW CAN INFORMATION BE SHARED?
-
- In general, DFS will share information only when
there is a signed release of information
(informed, time limited consent). - DFS, law enforcement, the CAC, and the DOJ
exchange information on families and children
when this information is needed to assist an
investigation involving a shared client.
51
51
52CASE COLLABORATION AND INFORMATION SHARING
- For Active DFS Investigations
- Verbal or written consent of a parent/legal
guardian or relative caregiver is not required
for DFS to investigate allegations of abuse,
neglect or dependency or to interview a child. - Information sharing is encouraged once the
investigation has begun. - No identified DFS caseworker ? Contact the Report
Line and leave name and number - Identified DFS caseworker ? Contact the
caseworker directly
52
53CASE COLLABORATION AND INFORMATION SHARING (CONT)
- For Active DFS Treatment Cases
- Information can be exchanged with a consent.
- No identified DFS caseworker ? Contact the Report
Line and leave name and number - Identified DFS caseworker ? Contact the
caseworker directly - DFS caseworker will contact the school
periodically to assess the childs educational
status - For more information about the DFS
Investigation and Treatment process, please
review the DFS Primer http//kids.delaware.gov/p
dfs/DFSPrimer.pdf
53
54CONFIDENTIALITY
- DSCYF and each LEA/Charter School will comply
with the relevant laws and regulations that
govern confidentiality. - DSCYF and each LEA/Charter School will provide
information to each other which is not
specifically protected in order to ensure the
successful support of children and families. - DSCYF and each LEA/Charter School will make
concerted efforts to ensure that
parents/guardians understand the importance of
sharing information for the success of their
child. - Laws related to Confidentiality
- Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment ACT (CAPTA)
- Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
(FERPA). - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act (HIPAA)
54
55WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A STUDENT ENTERS FOSTER CARE?
In Delaware, all children in foster care are
eligible for the protections and provisions under
the McKinney- Vento Homeless Assistance Act .
55
56MCKINNEY-VENTO PROTECTIONS
- Local Education Agencies/Charter Schools shall
- Ensure that children in foster care placement are
provided the benefits of the McKinney-Vento Act
for homeless children. - Provide transportation to the foster childs
school of origin when in the childs best
interest. - Use the Determining Feasibility of School
- Placement Form
56
57MCKINNEY-VENTO PROTECTIONS(CONT)
- Department of Services for Children, Youth, and
Their - Families (DSCYF) shall
- Enroll a child in foster care in school
immediately after a decision in a Best Interest
Meeting. - Request a meeting with the school when there is a
change in foster care placement. - Provide/arrange transportation until LEA
transportation to school of origin is
established. - Provide necessary information and documents.
- Request an Educational Surrogate Parent if
appropriate. - Attend an end of year Best Interest Meeting in
May/June.
57
58MCKINNEY-VENTO PROTECTIONS (CONT)
- Local Education Agencies/Charter Schools shall
- Enroll a child in foster care in the new school
within 2 school days of referral (after a Best
Interest Meeting) even if DSCYF is unable to
produce records. - Transfer of records promptly.
- Ensure that sending school fully transfers
credits, including partial credits.
58
59MCKINNEY-VENTO PROTECTIONS (CONT)
- Local Education Agencies/Charter Schools shall
- Accept DSCYF letterhead as proof of residency.
- Accept registration materials from DSCYF case
workers via fax or electronically and schedule a
meeting or teleconference with DSCYF. - Host meetings with necessary parties as needed.
- Host the Best Interest Meeting in May/June.
59
60WHAT IF A STUDENT TRANSITIONS TO A DSCYF SCHOOL
PROGRAM?
DOE and DSCYF have developed a protocol to
ensure that children successfully transition
to/from DSCYF school programs including licensed
or contracted providers..
60
61TRANSITION TO/FROM DSCYF TO LEAS AND CHARTER
SCHOOLS
- The protocol establishes the following
- Specific timeframes for meetings
- Purposes of each meeting
- Necessary participants
- Actions to be taken
- Information to be shared
- Protocol for Transition to/from DSCYF
Programs to LEA or Charter
Schools
61
62TRANSITION TO/FROM DSCYF TO LEAS AND CHARTER
SCHOOLS (CONT)
- Four timeframes for Transition Meetings are
identified - Before Admission to DSCYF School Programs
- Consents signed
- School information shared ASAP, but no later than
3 school days - Notify District of Admission Date into program
and date of initial meeting - Initial Educational Planning Meeting
- No later than 30 days after admission
- Submit Completed Educational Intake/Update
(EIU) Form and educational records - Schedule future Educational Planning Review
Meetings
62
63TRANSITION TO/FROM DSCYF TO LEAS AND CHARTER
SCHOOLS (CONT)
- - Educational Planning Reviews
- DSCYF notifies school representative of dates
- Update EIU for each review
- Include face to face contacts with school
representative - Approximate discharge projections conveyed to
school personnel - Discharge Planning from DSCYF School Programs
- No less than 2 weeks before discharge
- Identify services that need to be provided by
receiving school as soon as possible - Evaluate for special education services, or IEP
needs to be changed
63
64WHAT HAPPENS IF REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE TWO
DEPARTMENTS CANNOT AGREE?
- All attempts should be made to resolve disputes
at the LEA/Charter School level with the District
Liaison and appropriate DSCYF liaison. - When disputes cannot be resolved, they shall be
referred, in writing, to the Secretary of
Education who may appoint a designee and the
appropriate DSCYF Administrator as follows - DPBHS Director of Clinical Services
- DFS Administrator of the Office of Childrens
Services - DYRS DMSS Supervisor of Educational Services
64
65CHILD WELFARE TRAININGS AND RESOURCES
- Guidelines for Responding to Teen Dating and
Sexual Violence in
Delaware Schools - To obtain a copy of the guidelines
courts.delaware.gov/childadvocate/cpac_teenreporti
ng.stm - For more information, please contact the Domestic
Violence Coordinating Council (DVCC) at
302-255-0405. - Darkness to Lights Stewards of Children
- For more information www.stewardsofchildrendelawa
re.org - Onsite Training Please contact Nikki Mowbray by
email at mowbray_at_ymcade.org or call 302-
472-YMCA ext. 25. - Online Training Available at darkness2light.org.
- School-Based Personal Safety Programs for
Children - For more information www.pcadelaware.org/programs
/ - Onsite Training Please contact Prevent Child
Abuse Delaware at - 302-425-7490.
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