Practical Phonetics Week 2

1
Practical Phonetics Week 2

• Classifying sounds place and manner of
  articulation
• Where and how sounds are made

2
Thinking about sounds

• Say mmmm where is the m sound produced?
• Its a bilabial consonant (this is the place
  of articulation)
• Pinch your nose what happens?
• It stops its a nasal (not an oral) consonant
• Put your fingers in your ears what do you hear?
  
• The vibrations of the vocal cords its a
  voiced consonant

3
Some places of articulation bilabial consonants
lips
p pie b buy m mute w wood
4
Labiodental consonants
upper teeth
lower lip
f fine v vine
5
Dental consonants
upper teeth
tip of tongue
? thin ð this
6
Alveolar consonants
alveolar ridge
tip/blade of tongue
t tie d die s Sue z zoo n night
l light
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Post-alveolar / palato-alveolar consonants
? shoe, pressure ? pleasure ? cheap ?
jeep r rack
8
Palatal consonants
j yes
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Velar consonants
velum
back of tongue
k curl g girl ? rang
10
Some manners of articulation plosives (think
explosion) or stops
Bilabial p b
Alveolar t d
Velar k g
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Fricatives (think friction)
Palato-alveolar or post-alveolar ? ?
Labiodental f v
Alveolar s z
12
Oral
Nasal
(Velum is lowered, allowing air to enter the
nasal cavity)
13
Nasals
Bilabial m
Velar ?
Alveolar n
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Other consonants

• Affricates (a combination of stop fricative)
• ? voiceless post-alveolar affricate
• ? voiced post-alveolar affricate
• Approximant (articulators approach each other but
  do not touch) w r j
• Lateral (also called lateral approximant air
  flows over sides of tongue) l

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Summary of Places of Articulation

• Bilabial (lips) p b m w
• Labiodental (lips and teeth) f fine v vine
• Dental (tongue and teeth) ? thin ð then
• Alveolar (tongue and alveolar ridge)
• t d s z n l
• Palato-alveolar (tongue and front part of hard
  
• palate) ? shoe ? measure ? cheap ? jeep r
• Palatal (tongue and hard palate) j yes
• Velar (tongue and velum) k g ? running
• Glottal (glottis) h

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Summary of manners of articulation

• Plosive / Stop p b t d k g
• Fricative f v ? ð s z ? ? h
• Affricate (stop fricative) ? ?
• Nasal m n ?
• Approximants w r j (central) l (lateral)

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Classifying consonants

• Voiced or voiceless
• Place of articulation
• (Central or lateral)
• (Oral or nasal)
• Manner of articulation
• Example 1 s (sing)
• A voiceless, alveolar, (central), (oral)
  fricative
• A voiceless, alveolar plosive/stop ?
• /t/ What is /k/?
• - A voiceless, velar plosive/stop

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The International Phonetic Alphabet the English
consonants
Full IPA with audio illustrations
http//web.uvic.ca/ling/resources/ipa/charts/IPAla
b/IPAlab.htm
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• And finallyan x-ray (not x-rated) movie
• http//www.practicalphonetics.com/seeing20through
  20speech.htm
• Review activities
• Complete the Classifying Consonants chart
• Labels practice http//www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/j
  ohnm/flash/phonflashrp.htm
• Symbols practice
• http//www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/johnm/flash/findrp.
  htm