Edible Legumes

1
Edible Legumes

• Introduction
• Legume
• Refers to plants that produce ___________ seeds
  in pods
• Members of Family Fabaceae
• Are in more than 600 genus and 13,000 species
• Many also have a symbiotic relationship with
  ___________________ bacteria
• Form nodules on their roots that can convert
  atmospheric ______________________ into a form
  that plants can use

2
Root nodules
________ root nodules
________ nodules
3
Legumes

• Only 22 species are widely grown for human
  consumption
• Includes
• Lentils (Lens)
• Beans (Phaseolus)
• Broad beans (Vicia)
• Soybeans (Glycine)
• Peanuts (Arachis)

4
Legumes

• Important part of human diet
• Excellent source of _______________ when meat is
  not available, preferred, or allowed
• Characteristics
• Annual plants
• _________________are contained in pods
• Fix nitrogen
• Some species are cool season, others are warm
  season plants

5
Peas (Pisum sativum var. sativum)

• Native to eastern _______________ from Turkey
  eastwards to Syria, Iraq, Iran
• Probably first cultivated in Turkey
• Were grown as early as ____________ BC
• One of the most ancient crops
• Fresh peas first consumed in ________

6
Pea Plant characteristics

• Cool season
• Cold hardy
• Plant when temperatures are above __________ F
• Annual
• Soil
• Well-drained
• Moderately fertile because excess _____________
  causes large vines and few pods
• Also poor nodulation

7
Peas

• Have ____________ emergence
• when the shoot breaks through the soil and the
  _______________ stay below ground

8
Types of peas

• Dried peas
• Not commonly grown in gardens
• English pea (garden pea or sweet pea)
• Grown for fresh (non-dry) seed
• ___________ harvested when seeds fully form but
  before they ____________ and fade in color

9
Types of peas

• Edible-pod pea (snow peas, sugar peas, Chinese
  peas)
• Grown for _________ instead of _________ Pods
  are
• Brittle, succulent, tender, fiber-free
• Picked when pods are __________ and peas just
  developing

10
Types of Peas

• Snap pea
• Both the seed and pod are __________
• Pick when seed and pods fully developed but seed
  not hard or pod not __________

11
Haricot Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

• History
• Plant native to Central and South
  __________________
• Were cultivated over 7,000 years ago
• Spread throughout the Americas by time Columbus
  arrived
• __________________ and _________________
  explorers spread throughout the world
• Both pod and seed can be consumed

12
Haricot Beans

• Have epigeal emergence
• Emerges in the form of a hook with cotyledons
  pulled above the soil surface

13
Emergence Strategies
14
Haricot Beans

• Characteristics
• Most ____________ of all legumes in respect to
  shape of plant, _____ and ______ of pod, and
  color and shape of bean
• Can be classified according to use

15
Haricot Beans

• Fresh (snap) beans
• Pods of most varieties can be eaten fresh before
  they reach ________________
• Also called ______________ beans or waxed beans
• When buying fresh pods, look for
• Firm, crisp pods
• Healthy green or yellow color
• Free of blemishes
• __________________ from around the break when pod
  is snapped in two

16
Haricot Beans

• Fresh (snap) beans
• Temperature
• Love warmth
• Weeding
• Need to keep weeds down because snap beans have
  ______ root systems
• Two types
• Bush
• Pole or climbing
• Must be trellised

17
Haricot Beans

• Fresh (Snap) beans
• Soil and fertility
• Respond to well-drained, friable ________ soils
• Loam is a very balanced soil texture class
• Respond to fertile soils
• Are not efficient at _________ fixation
• Harvesting
• Pick when pods and their seeds are
  ________________

18
Haricot Beans

• Mature (Dry bean)
• Are harvested after the pods are mature and dried
  
• They are __________ and the dry seed are cooked
  and consumed

19
Haricot Beans

• Mature (dry beans)
• Are a wide range of different types
• Examples white beans, _____________ beans,
  kidney beans, black beans, __________ beans
• Harvesting
• Harvest seed when fully mature and hard
• __________ test to determine proper hardness
• Should barely be able to dent the seed

20
Fava Beans

• Broad bean or fava bean (Vicia faba)
• Only ______ in diet of old world until 16th
  century
• Characteristics
• Named because of its broad, ____________ shape
• Pods 7 inches long
• Contain 5 or 6 large beans

21
Fava Beans

• Culture
• Conditions favoring growth
• _________ weather
• ______ _____ growing tips when first pods form
  for higher yield
• Harvesting
• Harvested as ______ shell or dry beans

22
Lima Beans (Phaseolus limensis)

• Native to Americas
• Name came from the seed of the large type found
  by a sea captain in Lima Peru
• Hard to ___________
• Types
• Large seeded
• called ____________ types
• Originated in Peru
• Small seeded
• Called _______ limas
• Cultivated by Native Americans in North America

23
Lima Beans

• Environmental conditions
• ____________-season crop
• Requires 3 to 4 months of warm days and nights
• Baby limas mature more rapidly and are better
  grown in Illinois
• Soils
• Avoid soils too rich in ______________
• Can cause lima beans to shed their blooms without
  setting pods
• Include both bush and pole types