[phone] DANIEL C. TSUI, ... Physics

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• ???
• ???????????
• ????????????

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• 1998?????????Horst Stomer, ???Robert Laughlin,
  ??????????????????????????????.
• for their discovery of a new form of quantum
  fluid with fractionally charged excitations.
• 1998??????????????Walter Kohn ????J. Pople ??,
  Kohn??????????????????????.
• to Walter Kohn for his development of the
  density-functional theory

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• Stormer, Horst L.
• Email horst_at_phys.columbia.edu
• Telephone [phone]

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• DANIEL C. TSUI, ??Professor
• Room B-426, Engineering Quadrangle
• Carol Agans, Administrative Assistant
• 609-258-3217
• Connie Brown, Assistant
• 609-258-4641
• 609-258-6279 (f)

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• Prof. Robert B. Laughlin
• Department of Physics
• Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
• rbl_at_large.stanford.edu

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• Prof. Walter Kohn
• Department of Physics
• University of California, Santa Barbara
• Santa Barbara, CA 93106
• Tel. [phone]
• Birth Date March 9, 1923
• Birth Place Vienna, Austria

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??????? ????1879??Johns Hopkins
??????Edwin Hall??, ????Henry A. Rowland ??.
1930?, Landau ????????????????,
??????????????????????????.
1975?S.Kawaji??????????????, 1978? Klaus von
Klitzing ?Th. Englert ??????, ???1980?,
?????????????? , 1985?, Klaus von
Klitzing ???????. 1982?, ??, H.L.
Stomer ???????????????, ???, R.B.Laughlin????????,
?????????????????. ??, ?????????????????????????
??.
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?? i0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ?
??????
??,
, ???????.
?Landau???, ?????0.
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????? ??, ???????????????? 1, MOSFET 2,
??? 3, ?He??
MOSFET ???
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???????????????
MOSFET ???????
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GaAs/AlGaAs ??????????
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1, ???????, 2, ????? , i ???, ?????? i
?Landau??, ?????5ppm. 3, ?????????.
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???????, Landau?????????(???). ???? ???
? ??? ?????????????(0??), ????????????, ???????.
?Fermi????????, ??????. Laughlin(1981) ?
Halperin(1982)????????, ??? i ??????, ????????????
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1, 1990??, ?????
?? 2, ??????
??
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???? ??, Stomer ???, ?Landau??????
?? p, m ???, m????, ?????.
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????????????????????, ??????
??????, ??????Landau??. ????????
?? zxiy. ??????????????????????.
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Laughlin ???????????
?????????
Laughlin ???m3, m5?????????, ????????CDW?????.
?????????????, ?Laughlin?, ????????????1/3, 1/5?,
????????, ???????, ?????????(1/3, 1/5?).
??Laughlin???????????????.
.
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FQHE ?. ????????????,
?????????????, ?????????.
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? IQHE??, Fermi ?????????, ??FQHE ??.
??????IHQE???????????????????, ?FQHE????????????.
Haldane ? Halperin, ??????, ??Laughlin
????????????????????, ?? 1/3 ???, ??????? 2/5?,
??????2/7?. ????????????????????? .
???
P ???,
??????
???
??????
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??????? 1, ??????????????. 2, ?????,
??????????????. 3, ??????????????. 4,
?????????.
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??????? (CF) Jain ????????????????????
?. ?????????????????. FQHE?CF?????????IQH
E. CF ??????. CF ???????????????,
????????????????, ????????????. CF ?? v1/2
?, ????????0, ????????????.
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??????????? (Kane, Fisher ) C.L. Kane and M.P.A.
Fisher, ? Shot in the Arm for Fractional
Charge,?Nature 389, 119 (1997).
???????Luttinger??, (???, X. G. Wen) C.L.
Kane and M.P.A. Fisher, "Transport in a Single
Channel Luttinger Liquid," Phys. Rev. Lett- 68,
1220 (1992).
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???
1, ?????????. 2, FQHE ?Ginsburg Landau ??. 3,
??, ?? ?????. 4, ????????. 5, ? ? ?
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????
1, Splitting the electron, by B. Daviss, New
Scientist, 31, January 1998, pp. 36-40. 2,
Fractionally charged quasiparticles signal their
presence with noise, by G.P. Collins,
Physics Today, November 1997, pp.
17-19. 3, When the electron falls apart, by P.W.
Anderson, Physics Today, October 1997, pp.
42-47. 4, Fractional charges in an interacting
electron system, by A. H. MacDonald,
Science, 17 February 1995, pp. 977-978. 5,
The fractional quantum Hall effect, by J.P.
Eisenstein and H.L. Stomer, Science, 22 June
1990, pp. 1510-1516. 6, Electrons in flat land,
by S. Kivelson, D.H. Lee, and S.C. Zhang,
Scientific American, March 1996, pp. 64-69.
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????
7, The quantum Hall effect, 2nd Ed. edited by R.
E. Prange and S. M. Girvin (Springer, New
York, 1990). ????? 8, The quantum Hall
effects, by T. Chakraborty and P.
Pietilainen (Springer, Berlin, 1995). 9,
Two-dimensional magnetotransport in the extreme
quantum limit, by D. C. Tsui, H. L. Stomer,
and A. C. Gossard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 1559
(1982). 10, Anomalous quantum Hall effect an
incompressible quantum fluid with
fractionally charged excitations, by R. B.
Laughlin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1395 (1983).
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• 1964? Hohenberg ? Kohn ???????, ???????????????
  ????.
• ?????, ??????????????, ??????, ????????????.
• ?????????????????????????????.

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???. ????????, ??????
. ????????? , ?????
. ????? ?????????????????, ?? ???
??????? ????.
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1998 The prize was awarded jointly to ROBERT
B. LAUGHLIN, HORST L. STORMER and DANIEL C. TSUI
for their discovery of a new form of quantum
fluid with fractionally charged excitations.
1996 The prize was awarded jointly to DAVID M.
LEE, DOUGLAS D. OSHEROFF and ROBERT C. RICHARDSON
for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3.

1991 PIERRE-GILLES DE GENNES for discovering
that methods developed for studying order
phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to
more complex forms of matter, in particular to
liquid crystals and polymers.
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1987 The prize was awarded jointly to J. GEORG
BEDNORZ and K. ALEXANDER M?LER for their
important breakthrough in the discovery of
superconductivity in ceramic materials.
1986 The prize was awarded by one half to
ERNST RUSKA for his fundamental work in electron
optics, and for the design of the first electron
microscope. GERD BINNIG and HEINRICH ROHRER for
their design of the scanning tunneling
microscope.
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1985 KLAUS VON KLITZING for the discovery of the
quantized Hall effect.
1982 KENNETH G. WILSON for his theory for
critical phenomena in connection with phase
transitions.
1981 The prize was awarded by one half jointly
to NICOLAAS BLOEMBERGEN and ARTHUR L. SCHAWLOW
for their contribution to the development of
laser spectroscopy and the other half to KAI
M. SIEGBAHN for his contribution to the
development of high- resolution electron
spectroscopy
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1978 The prize was divided, one half being
awarded to PYOTR LEONIDOVICH KAPITSA for his
basic inventions and discoveries in the area of
low-temperature physics and the other half
divided equally between ARNO A. PENZIAS and
ROBERT W. WILSON for their discovery of cosmic
microwave background radiation.
1977 The prize was divided equally between
PHILIP W. ANDERSON, SIR NEVILL F. MOTT and JOHN
H. VAN VLECK for their fundamental theoretical
investigations of the electronic structure of
magnetic and disordered systems.
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1973 The prize was divided, one half being
equally shared between LEO ESAKI and IVAR
GIAEVER , for their experimental discoveries
regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors
and superconductors, respectively, and the
other half to BRIAN D. JOSEPHSON for his
theoretical predictions of the properties of a
supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in
particular those phenomena which are generally
known as the Josephson effects.
1972 The prize was awarded jointly to JOHN
BARDEEN, LEON N. COOPER and J. ROBERT SCHRIEFFER
for their jointly developed theory of
superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory
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1970 The prize was divided equally between
HANNES ALFV? for fundamental work and
discoveries in magneto-hydrodynamics with
fruitful applications in different parts of
plasma physics LOUIS N?L for fundamental work
and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and
ferrimagnetism which have led to important
applications in solid state physics.
1962 LEV DAVIDOVICH LANDAU for his pioneering
theories for condensed matter, especially liquid
helium.
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1956 The prize was awarded jointly, one third
each, to WILLIAM SHOCKLEY, JOHN BARDEEN and
WALTER HOUSER BRATTAIN for their researches on
semiconductors and their discovery of the
transistor effect.
1952 The prize was awarded jointly to FELIX
BLOCH and EDWARD MILLS PURCELL for their
development of new methods for nuclear magnetic
precision measurements and discoveries in
connection therewith.
1937 The prize was awarded jointly to CLINTON
JOSEPH DAVISSON and SIR GEORGE PAGET THOMSON for
their experimental discovery of the diffraction
of electrons by crystals.
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1930 SIR CHANDRASEKHARA VENKATA RAMAN for his
work on the scattering of light and for the
discovery of the effect named after him.
1926 JEAN BAPTISTE PERRIN for his work on the
discontinuous structure of matter, and especially
for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium.
1920 CHARLES EDOUARD GUILLAUME in recognition of
the service he has rendered to precision
measurements in Physics by his discovery of
anomalies in nickel steel alloys.
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1915 The prize was awarded jointly to SIR
WILLIAM HENRY BRAGG and SIR WILLIAM LAWRENCE
BRAGG for their services in the analysis of
crystal structure by means of X-rays.
1914 MAX VON LAUE for his discovery of the
diffraction of X-rays by crystals.
1913 HEIKE KAMERLINGH-ONNES for his
investigations on the properties of matter at low
temperatures which led, inter alia to the
production of liquid helium.
1910 JOHANNES DIDERIK VAN DER WAALS for his work
on the equation of state for gases and liquids.
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