Scottish Building Standards

1
Scottish Building Standards

• Section 6
• ENERGY
• Domestic Handbook

2
BACKGROUND AND AIMS

• Updated to improve building energy standards to
  address targets set within the Sullivan report
  resulting from climate change.
• Ensuring effective measures for the conservation
  of fuel and power.
• Limiting energy demand.
• Encouragement of designers to incorporate low
  carbon equipment (LCE) within their designs.

3
CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS STANDARD 6.1

• Introduction of SAP 2009
• Changes to the target and notional parts of the
  SAP calculation.
• Updated guidance on the simplified approach for
  achieving carbon emission rates.

4
www.bre.co.uk/sap2009
5
CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS STANDARD 6.1
2009 Standards
2010 Standards
NB. Where solid mineral fuel is proposed for the
main space heating system, the TER should be
calculated using the values identified for oil as
a fuel (package 3).
6
BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPE STANDARD 6.1New
Build

• Ventilation system natural ventilation with
  intermittent extract fans.
• 4 for dwellings with floor area more than 80 m2,
• 3 for smaller dwellings
• Air infiltration through building fabric 7 m³/m²h
  at 50 Pa
• Hot water cylinder (combined cylinder with 75
• litre solar store)
• Low energy light fittings 100 of fixed outlets
• Party wall heat loss (applicable to cavity
• separating walls) 0.2 W/m²K

7
BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPE STANDARD 6.2

• 2007 Standards

8
BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPE STANDARD
6.2Extension

• Existing Dwelling with external walls/roof with a
  U-value poorer than 0.7/ 0.25 use column (a) pre
  28 March 1983.
• Existing Dwelling/with improvements with external
  walls/roof with a U-value better than 0.7/ 0.25
  use column (b).

• The U-values (area weighted average U-values) for
  column (b).

9
BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPE STANDARD
6.2Extension
10
BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPE STANDARD
6.2Conversions of Heated Buildings
11
BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPE STANDARD
6.2Stand-alone buildings
Heated stand alone building lt50m2 either attached
or detached
Heated stand alone building gt50m2 either attached
or detached use SBEM
12
BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPE STANDARD 6.2 Air
Tightness Testing

• For building warrant applications applied for on
  or after 1st May 2011-flats and maisonettes only.
• For building warrants applied for on or after 1st
  October 2011- all dwelling types.
• For multi-plot sites 1 per 20 although this
  frequency may be increased and should cover all
  house types.
• BSD to publish guidance document with regards to
  experience, qualifications and trade/professional
  body membership criteria.
• All one off houses should be tested unless a
  default air tightness level of 15m³/m².h _at_ 50 pa
  is stated in the SAP calc.

13
BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPESome other changes

• U-values of conservatory windows and roofs
  reduced from 3.3 w/m²ºC to 2.0 w/m²ºC.
• Comprehensive revision of guidance on heating,
  lighting and ventilation controls to promote more
  efficient energy use.
• Increased percentage of energy efficient lighting
  from 50 to 75.
• New clause on the efficiency of external
  lighting. Lighting to have a capacity no greater
  that 100w/lamp or 45 lm/W.

14
Scottish Building Standards

• Section 6
• ENERGY
• Non-Domestic Handbook

15
Section 6 Introduction to the changes

• The 2010 edition of section 6 incorporates a
  large number of changes whilst retaining the
  existing methodology introduced in 2007.
• The majority of these changes relate to
  improvement in specified performance to deliver
  the intended 30 reduction in carbon dioxide
  emissions.

16
Annexes

• Annex 6.C - revised guidance on modular and
  portable buildings for standards 6.1 6.2.
• Annex 6.G - new annex on improving existing fixed
  building services when carrying out related
  building work.

17
Standard 6.1

• European Directive fully harmonised within
  Scottish legislative framework(The Energy
  Performance of Buildings (Scotland) Amendment
  Regulations 2008).
• No real change

18
Clause 6.1.4

• Amendment of U-value for display windows amended
  guidance on smoke vents revised guidance on
  rooflights to ensure TER more representative
  clarification on area for display widows.
• Elemental U Value, Thermal bridging Glazing
  area percentage tables to accompany Standard.
• Display Windows expected to be found on building
  types(defined)
• Shops including retail warehouse, undertakers,
  show-rooms, post offices, hairdressers, shops for
  sale of cold food for consumption off premises
• Financial and professional services banks,
  building societies
• Estate and Employment Agencies
• Food and Drink restaurants, pubs, wine bars,
  shops for sale of hot food for consumption off
  premises.

19
Clause 6.1.4

• TER - Display Windows values for notional
  building in Scotland of 5.7 W/m2K.
• Display Windows includes glazed doors intended
  for sales purposes at pedestrian level up to 3m.
• Glazing higher than 3 m above such an access
  level, or incorporates a fixed or opening light
  of less than 2 m², should not be considered part
  of a display window except
• where the size of individual products on display
  require a greater height of glazing
• Increases in display window area is subject to a
  Planning Condition.
• Smoke vents
• Smoke vents and ventilation openings e.g intake
  and
• discharge grilles are disregarded within area
  calculations and area considered as part of wall,
  floor, roof(as applicable) and not glazing.

20
Table to Clause 6.1.4
21
6.1.5 Setting the building carbon emission rate

• Scotland specific table for HVAC efficiencies
  lighting power densities.

22
6.1.6 User defined information for notional
building

• Simplified guidance on design data for notional
  building. Notional buildings areas and
  orientation to be the same as proposed building.
• Mains gas as fuel source(where available)
  otherwise oil
• Improvement factor for notional building cooling
  load(0.9).

23
6.1.7 Creating the target carbon dioxide emission
rate (TER)

• Setting the bar higher
• Improvement factor applied to Cnotional to
  produce TER
• For heated and naturally ventilated buildings (or
  parts thereof) use
• TER Cnotional x (1 - 0.15) x (1- 0.15) x (1-
  0.26)
• For heated and mechanically ventilated (including
  air-conditioned) buildings (or parts thereof)
  use
• TER Cnotional x (1 0.20) x (1- 0.15) x (1-
  0.26)

24
6.1.8 Calculating the building carbon dioxide
emission rate (BER)

• Utilise appropriate fuel(s)
• Meet backstop U values
• Meet display window area/u Values.

25
Low Carbon Equipment (LCE)

• LCE includes the following types of technologies
• photovoltaics
• solar water heating
• wind turbines
• CHP
• district or block
• LCE are included within the Improvement factor.
  LCE does not have to be installed in the actual
  building (may require enhanced insulation
  envelope, more efficient HVAC, etc to
  compensate).

26
6.1.9 Adjustment of BER 6.1.10 Shell and fit out
buildings

• Power correction factors available for enhance
  control systems (electrical)

27
6.2 Building insulation envelope
28
6.2.5 Limiting heat loss through thermal bridging

• Reference to improved guidance document

29
6.2.6 Limiting air infiltration

• To limit heat loss by uncontrolled air
  infiltration a heated building should be provided
  with a continuous barrier that resists air
  movement(VAPOUR BARRIER)
• To the inside of the building
• the warm side of insulation layers and
• spaces between the component parts of exposed
  building elements,
• where such parts contribute to the thermal
  performance of the element.
• In shell only, air permeability should not exceed
  7 m³/m².h at 50 Pa.
• Air testing at shell and fit-out.
• Recommended that buildings are designed to
  achieve a value of 10 m³/m².h _at_ 50 Pa
• Limiting air infiltration to improve energy
  performance should not compromise
• ventilation required for
• the health of the occupants of the building
  (section 3) and
• the removal of moisture from building fabric
  (section 3) and
• the safe operation of combustion appliances
  (section 3) and
• any smoke control system (section 2).

30
6.2.7 Air-tightness testing

• When - Air infiltration testing is being phased
  in, following guidance applicable for building
  warrant applications made on or after 1 May 2011.
• Competency - Testing should be carried out by
  persons who can demonstrate relevant, recognised
  expertise in measuring the air permeability of
  buildings. This should include membership of a
  professional organisation which accredits its
  members as competent to test and confirm the
  results of testing.

31
6.2.7 Air-tightness testing

• Where -

32
6.2.7 Air-tightness testing

• Further Guidance on test methods

• BR 448'Air Leakage in commercial and public
  buildings'

• BR 448'Air Leakage in commercial and public
  buildings'

33
6.2.9 Conversion of heated buildings

• Improved U-values (aligned with domestic
  guidance).

34
6.2.11 Extensions to the insulation envelope

• Elemental U Values as per Unheated Conversion
  standards.
• Varying U-values Compensatory approach. In line
  with Domestic guidance i.e trade offs/area.
• Maximum areas of doors, windows rooflights
  areas as a percentage of floor area.

• Alternative approach
• SBEM for extension only or entire building as
  extended(unlikely).

35
6.3 Heating system achieving optimum energy
efficiency.

• Improving energy performance of existing
  buildings
• The 2010 standards introduce a requirement to
  assess and improve the energy performance of an
  existing building. This is achieved through
  improvement of existing fixed building services
  to meet current standards. Where building work
  involving such services is carried out, guidance
  on the application of this requirement is noted
  under clause 6.3.11, with further explanation
  within annex 6.G.

36
6.3.1 Appliance efficiency

• Performance criteria for heating systems in
  similar fashion to that of Domestic e.g COPs,
  SEDBUKs, etc.

37
6.3.2 CHPQA Quality Index (CHP(QI))

• OH no, not another acronym!!
• Combined Heat and Power Quality Assurance.
• Web Link www.chpqa.com
• CHP(QI) minimum of 105(exc. Electricity)
  efficiency gt 20.
• Non-Domestic CHP guidance applies to systems
  lt500kWe.
• Domestic(6.3.7) CHP guidance applies to systems
  lt5kWe
• NCM Modelling Guide for Scotland Recently
  published.

38
CHPQA!
39
6.3.3 Boiler plant controls
40
6.3.11 Work on existing buildings

• This has implications
• Alterations within Existing Buildings.
• Where an entirely new or replacement heating
  system is being installed as part of an
  alteration, extension or conversion refer to the
  guidance in previous clauses i.e must meet
  current Standards.
• Annex 6.G Improvement to the energy
  performance of existing building services when
  carrying out building work.

41
6.3.12 Heating efficiency credits in existing
buildings

• Information of measures and associated credits
  and examples of this process are given in annex
  6.F.

42
6.4.3 Work on existing buildings

• Useful new table for the maximum heat loss
  allowed per storage volume.

43
6.4.3 Work on existing buildings

• Installations exposed during alterations should
  be insulated to current Standards as are as
  reasonably practicable.
• Replacement hot water cylinders to meet current
  standards

44
6.5 Artificial and display lighting

• Promotion of LED lamps/new technology and
  adaptability of system design.
• Explanatory notes on terminology

45
6.5.1 Artificial lighting efficiency

• Brief note
• It is essential to note that Luminaires and Lamps
  are not the same thing.
• A Lamp is a light source(usually electric).
• A Luminaire is the lamp and its control
  gear(switching, light sensing control, etc)
• Lumens per circuit-watt(bangs per buck) units of
  measurement are lm/W

46
6.5.1 Artificial lighting efficiency

• Installations exposed during alterations should
  be insulated to current Standards as are as
  reasonably practicable.

• The lighting design should be to the guidance
  within
• Society of Light and Lighting (CIBSE) Code for
  Lighting 2009,
• BRE Non Domestic Lighting GBG 61

47
6.5.1 Artificial lighting efficiency

• What do Lumens per circuit-watt relate to in the
  real world

48
6.5.2 Display lighting efficiency

• Not applicable to buildings lt50m2.
• Considered efficient when
• Average installed lighting/lamp capacity
  efficiency of at least 22 lm/W
• Or
• At least 95 of lighting power consumption(W) has
  an efficiency of at least 22 lm/W
• Ie. 5 of lighting power consumed(W) can be from
  any source so long as the remainder meets the 22
  lm/W threshold.

49
6.5.3 Controls for artificial and display lighting

• Not applicable to buildings lt50m2
• This form of lighting should be provided with
  separate and dedicated circuits to allow easy
  switching when not in use.
• Lighting designed to the guidance standards
  within these documents can be considered to meet
  the Standards

• BRE Non Domestic Lighting GBG 61

• Society of Light and Lighting (CIBSE) Code for
  Lighting 2009

50
Just checking you werent asleep!
51
6.5.4 Work on existing buildings

• Not applicable to buildings lt50m2
• Entirely new or replacement lighting should meet
  Standards.
• Replaced in part or extended lighting should be
  improved to meet Standards(Annex 6G)
• a. are subject to an application for building
  warrant and(Public buildings, etc)
• b. are subject to standards 6.5
• Standard 6.5 (artificial and display lighting),
  upgrading of lighting controls and luminaires to
  current levels of efficiency/efficacy and
• Improvements must be proportionate to the scale
  of the works
• Exception
• Installation met the technical standards
  applicable from 4th March 2002

52
6.6 Mechanical ventilation and air conditioning
(MVAC)

• Comfort cooling equipment require improved
  minimum Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)
• Table of permissible maximum specific fan power
  and pressure drop in air distribution systems
  provided.
• Ventilation fans rated at above 1.1Kw(previously
  1Kw) require variable adjustable control for
  efficiency.
• Total specific fan power (SFP) of entire system
  not to exceed 1.5 W/litres/second.

53
6.6.3 Ductwork Installation

• Updated guidance HVCA DW/144 Specification for
  sheet metal ductwork or
• BS EN 15072006 and BS EN 122372003.

• I dont think this will comply!

54
6.6.4 Control of MVAC equipment

• Control of MVAC should be in accordance with the
  advice and guidance given in BS EN 152322007.
• Not yet available on the IHS Library.

55
6.6.5 Work on existing buildings

• Entirely new or replacement lighting should meet
  Standards.
• Replaced in part or extended lighting should be
  improved to meet Standards(Annex 6G)
• a. are subject to an application for building
  warrant and(Public buildings, etc)
• b. are subject to standards 6.6
• Standard 6.6 (ventilation and cooling), upgrading
  of ventilation controls and, if more than 10
  years old, replacement of existing
  air-conditioning chiller units.
• Improvements must be proportionate to the scale
  of the works

• Exception
• Installation met the technical standards
  applicable from 4th March 2002

56
6.10.2 Sub-metering

• Installation of sub-metering should be based upon
  within CIBSE TM 39
• LCE(Low carbon equipment) systems require
  separate metering.

57
6.10.3 Metering and sub-metering in existing
buildings

• Where the creation of two or more units in
  different occupation occurs, each
• unit should have metering installed.
• If a new fuel type or new boiler (where none
  existed previously) is installed,
• metering should be installed, where not already
  present.
• The essence of this Standard is that metering of
  the building occupants energy consumption is
  available.

Kw


58
Annex 6.CEnergy performance of modular and
portable buildings

• Flow Chart

59
6.C.3 Fabric U-values for modular and portable
buildings

• Reduced U Values for these types of Buildings
  used in lieu of those in Standard 6.2 6.11

60
6.C.3 Fabric U-values for modular and portable
buildings

• TER modification factor when SBEM is required.
• Concessions given to older buildings

• Sub-assemblies manufactured before

April 2002
should not be used for permanent buildings
61
Scottish Building Standards

• Questions ?