Lesson one

1
Lesson one
TSWBAT CO 1. Describe the general roles of the
endocrine system. CO 2. Identify the glands of
the endocrine system. LO 1. Using and organizer
list the glands of the endocrine system and
their function
2
Critical Vocabulary
3
Warm-up

• Health Stats

4
The Endocrine System

• The endocrine system regulates changes in the
  body, such as growth and development. The
  endocrine system also controls many of your
  bodys daily activities. An endocrine gland is a
  organ that produces and releases chemicals
  substances that signal changes in other parts of
  the body. Unlike some of the bodys glands,
  endocrine glands do not release chemicals into
  ducts or tubes. Instead, the chemicals made by
  endocrine glands go right into your bloodstream.
• The chemical substance made by an endocrine gland
  is called a hormone. You can think of a hormone
  as a chemical messenger. Each hormone affects
  certain cells in the body, known as its target
  cells. Hormones are carried in the blood to
  target cells. Once they reach them, hormones turn
  on, turn off, speed up, or slow down the
  activities of these cells.

5
Pituitary Gland

• The endocrine glands include the hypothalamus,
  pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid
  glands, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas
  and reproductive glands. Two of these glands-
  they hypothalamus and the pituitary- are found in
  the brain. The hypothalamus is part of the
  endocrine system and the nervous system. One of
  its functions is to single the release of
  hormones from the pituitary. The pituitary gland
  is a pea-size endocrine gland that controls
  growth, reproduction, and metabolism, or the
  process by which you get energy from food. Some
  hormones made by the pituitary gland are like
  on switches for the bodys other endocrine
  glands. They single other glands to start
  releasing their hormones.

6
Reproductive Glands

• The reproductive glands become active during
  puberty. Puberty is the period of time when a
  person becomes sexually mature and physically
  able to reproduce. Puberty starts when the
  hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to begin
  making hormones that cause the reproductive
  glands to start making sex hormones. In males,
  the testes produce the hormone testosterone, in
  females, the ovaries produce estrogen and
  progesterone.

7
What is the Endocrine System

• What are hormones? _______________________________
  _______
• Functions of Endocrine Glands
• 2. Complete the table about the functions of
  endocrine glands.

8
Review

• What roles does the endocrine system play in the
  body?
• What is a hormone? Explain how hormones reach the
  cells where they have their effect.
• List the glands of the endocrine system.
• What is the hypothalamus? How does it interact
  with the pituitary gland?

9
Lesson Quiz 1

• D
• D
• B
• C
• B
• True
• True
• False
• True
• False

10
Lesson Two

• TSWBAT
• CO 1. Describe three functions of the male
  reproductive system.
• CO 2. Identify five ways t keep the male
  reproductive system healthy.
• LO 2. Draw and complete a table with details
  about the structure and function of the male
  reproductive system.

11
Critical Vocabulary

• Sperm Fertilization
• Testes Testosterone
• Scrotum Penis
• Ejaculation Infertility

12
Warm-up

• Myth
• Fact
• Writing Why do you think that teens may have a
  number of misconceptions about the reproductive
  system?

13
The Male Reproductive System

• In males, the reproductive cells are called
  sperm. The functions of the male reproductive
  system are to produce sex hormones, to produce
  and store sperm, and to deliver sperm to the
  female reproductive system. There, in a process
  called fertilization, a sperm cell may join with
  an egg.
• Testes are the two male reproductive glands.
  Tests produce sperm cells and testosterone.
  Testosterone is the hormone in males that affect
  the production of sperm. It also helps bring
  about physical changes in puberty such as growth
  of sac of skin called the scrotum. The penis is
  the external sexual organ through which sperm
  travel when they leave the body. As they pass
  through the male reproductive system, sperm cells
  are mixed with fluids. The mixture of sperm cells
  and these fluids is called semen. Ejection of the
  semen from the penis is called ejaculation.

14
Care

• Caring for the male reproductive system involves
  cleanliness, sexual abstinence, protection from
  the trauma, self-exams, and regular medical
  checkups. To ensure cleanliness, the penis and
  the scrotum should be clean every day in a shower
  or bath, and the groin area thoroughly dried. To
  avoid the risk of sexually transmitted infections
  in the teen years, sexual abstinence is the best
  practice. To protect the testes from trauma,
  males should wear a protector or cup during
  athletic activities and should be careful about
  lifting heavy objects to prevent getting hernia.
• Males should follow up with a doctor is they
  notice pain when urinating, unusual discharges,
  sores on the genitals, or signs of testicular
  cancer. They should also get regular medical
  exams throughout life and screenings for prostate
  cancer later in life. Prostate gland problems as
  well as prostate cancer are common after age 50.
  Finally, infertility is the inability to
  reproduce. In males, infertility is marked by the
  inability to reproduce heavy sperm or the
  productions of too few sperm.

15
Structures and Function

• Complete the table with details about the
  structures of the male
• reproductive system.

16
Keeping Healthy
2. Complete the concept amp with details about
keeping the male reproductive system healthy.
Cleanliness a. clean external organs daily
and dry thoroughly
Medical Check- Up e. ___________ _____________ ___
__________
sexual abstinence b. _________ ___________ _______
____
Keeping healthy
Protection from trauma c. _________ ___________ __
_________
Self-exam d. ____________ ______________ _____
_________
17
Review

• What are three main functions of the male
  reproductive system?
• What is the name of the sac in which the testes
  are located?
• What is semen, and how is it formed?
• List five things that males should do to maintain
  reproductive health.
• What are two kinds of problems with sperm that
  lead to infertility in males?

18
Lesson Quiz 2

• C
• A
• F
• E
• B
• False
• False
• False
• True
• False

19
Lesson Three

• TSWBAT
• CO 1. Describe three functions of the female
  reproductive system.
• CO 2. Summarize the stages of the menstrual
  cycle.
• CO 3. Identify five ways to keep the female
  reproductive system healthy.
• LO 3. Complete an outline with details about the
  structure and functions of the female
  reproductive system.

20
Critical Vocabulary

• Ova Ovaries Estrogen
• Progesterone Ovulation Fallopian Tube
• Uterus Vagina Menstrual Cycle
• Menopause Pap smear mammogram

21
Warm-up

• Dear Advice Line,
• Ive been going to the same male doctor since I
  was a little kid. My doctor is really nice, but
  since my body started developing, I just dont
  feel comfortable having my checkups with him
  anymore. Id like to see a female doctor. Is it
  OK to feel this way? What should I do?
• Writing Do you think this girls feelings are
  normal? Write back with your advice.

22
The Female Reproductive

• Female reproductive cells are called eggs, or
  ova. The functions of the female reproductive
  system are to produce sex hormones, to produce
  eggs, and to provide a nourishing environment in
  which a fertilized egg can develop into a baby.
  The reproductive glands in which eggs are
  produced are called ovaries. The ovaries also
  produce tow female sex hormones. Estrogen
  activates certain physical changes to puberty and
  controls the maturation of eggs. Progesterone
  activates changes to a womens reproductive
  system during pregnancy.
• Once puberty begins, one of the ovaries releases
  a ripened egg about once a month in a process
  called ovulation. Fallopian tubes are the
  passageways that carry eggs away from the ovaries
  to the uterus. The uterus is a hollow, muscular,
  pear-shaped organ in which a fertilized egg can
  develop and grow. The vagina is a passageway
  from the uterus to the outside of the body. Sperm
  enter a womens body through the vagina, and at
  childbirth, the baby moves out of the mothers
  body through the vagina.

23
The Menstrual Cycle

• After reaching puberty, women usually produce one
  mature egg cell each month during a process
  called the menstrual cycle. During the menstrual
  cycle, an ovary releases a mature egg. The egg
  travels to the uterus. If the egg is not
  fertilized, the uterine lining is shed and a new
  cycle begins. Except during pregnancy, menstrual
  cycles occur each month from puberty to about
  the age of 45 to 55. At that time of life, called
  menopause, the ovaries no longer release mature
  eggs.
• During the first half of the cycle, an egg
  matures in one ovary and the lining of the uterus
  thickens. At about day 14, ovulation takes place.
  The ovary releases an egg and it moves into the
  fallopian tube. A woman is most able to become
  pregnant around the time of ovulation. If the egg
  is not fertilized, the uterine lining breaks down
  and passes out of the body in a process called
  menstruation, or the menstrual period. A period
  last about 3-5 days.

24
Care

• Caring for the female reproductive system
  involves cleanliness, sexual abstinence, prompt
  treatment for infectious, self-exams, and regular
  medical check-ups. To ensure cleanliness, the
  external vagina area should be washed daily,
  especially during menstruation. To avoid the risk
  of sexually transmitted infectious I the teen
  years, sexual abstinence is the best practice.
• A female should see a doctor about vaginal
  infectious, unusual pain or bleeding, or if her
  period stops completely. Females should also have
  a yearly exam of the reproductive system once
  they reach puberty. In a Pap smear, a sample of
  cells is take from the cervix and examined under
  a microscope. Pap smears can detect cancer of the
  cervix. Starting at about age 40, women may get a
  mammogram, an X-ray of the breasts that can help
  detect breast cancer.

25
Structures and Function

• Complete the outline with details about the
  female reproductive
• system.
• Structure and Function
• A. Ovaries
• 1. Produce the sex hormone estrogen and
  progesterone
• 2. __________________________________________
  
• B. Fallopian Tube
• 1. __________________________________________
  
• 2. __________________________________________
  
• C. Uterus
• 1. __________________________________________
  
• 2. __________________________________________
  
• Vagina
• 1. __________________________________________
  
• 2. __________________________________________

26
The Menstrual Cycle

• 2. List four factors that may effect a womans
  menstrual cycle.
• ___________ c. ____________
• ___________ d. ____________
• 3. Define the term menopause _____________________
  _____
• __________________________________________________
  _
• 4. Complete the graphic about the stages of the
  menstrual cycle.

a.uterine lining shed during menstruation
b. __________ ____________ ____________
e. _________ ___________ ___________
c. __________ ____________ ____________
d. __________ ____________ ____________
27
Keeping healthy
5. Complete the concept map with details about
keeping the female reproductive system healthy.
Cleanliness a. Clean external vagina area
daily
Sexual abstinence b. ________ __________
Medical checkups e. ____________ ______________
Keeping Healthy
prompt treatment for infections c.
____________ _____________
Self-exam d. ___________ _____________
28
Review

• What are three main functions of the female
  reproductive system?
• What is ovulation?
• Where are the fallopian tubes located? What is
  their function?
• What event marks the end of one menstrual cycle
  and the beginning of another?

29
Lesson Quiz 3

• C
• E
• F
• A
• D
• D
• D
• B
• D
• B

30
Lesson Four

• TSWBAT
• CO 1. Explain how genetic information passes from
  one generation to the next.
• CO 2. Identify the causes of genetic disorders.
• CO 3. Compare the role of genes,environment, and
  behavior in affecting a persons risk for
  disease.
• LO 4. Graph the basic rules for heredity.

31
Critical Vocabulary

• Heredity Chromosome Gene
• Genetic Disorder

32
Warm-up

• Writing A widows peak and free earlobes are
  examples of dominant traits. What do you think a
  dominant trait is?

33
Heredity

• Traits, such as eye color and the shape of
  ears, are caused in part by the genetic
  information people inherit from their parents.
  Heredity is the passing on, or transmission, of
  biological traits from parent to child.
  Information about inherited characteristics is
  carried on chromosomes-tiny structures found
  within cells.
• Most cells in your body contain 46 chromosomes.
  However, sex cells, meaning sperm eggs, contain
  23 chromosomes. When fertilization takes place,
  23 chromosomes from an egg are joined with 23
  chromosomes from a sperm for a total of 23 pairs,
  or 46 chromosomes.
• Every chromosomes is made up of genes. A gene
  is a section of a chromosome that determines or
  affects a particular characteristics or trait.
  When fertilization takes place, the fertilized
  egg receives two copies of each gene for each
  trait, one from the egg and one from the sperm.

34
Hereditary

• Hereditary information passes from one
  generation to the next through genes contained on
  the two sets of chromosomes that a person
  receives from their parents. Some traits are
  either dominant or recessive and determined by
  two forms of a single gene. Most traits, however,
  are affected by many different genes and other
  factors.
• A disease or an abnormal condition that is
  inherited is known as a genetic disorder. Genetic
  disorders are caused by the inheritance of an
  abnormal gene or chromosome. Cystic fibrosis and
  hemophilia are examples of genetic disorders that
  are recessive traits. In contrast, Huntington's
  disease is a dominant trait. Still other genetic
  disorders, such as Down syndrome, appear when a
  person inherits too few or too many chromosomes.

35
Most diseases

• For most diseases, your environment and your
  behavior affect your risk as much as or even more
  than your genes. Environmental risk factors
  include air pollution, certain chemicals, and sun
  exposure. Using sunscreen, getting regular
  physical activity, and eating more fruits and
  vegetables may lesson your risk of disease.
• In the future, new technologies to identify and
  treat genetic disorders and disease with a
  genetic link may be possible. Genetic testing
  involves examining a persons blood for signs of
  specific genes. Gene therapy would potentially
  give a person copies of healthy genes to replace
  unhealthy ones.

36
Basic Rules of Heredity
1. Complete the graphic organizer about heredity.
a. Father provides 23 chromosomes
c. Fertilized egg receives ___________________
b. Mother provides ______________
2. What is a gene? ___ a. a cell made up of
several chromosomes that determine or affect
a trait ___ b. a section of a chromosome
that determines or affects a trait 3. How do
dominant and recessive traits differ? ___ a. A
recessive trait appears in an offspring if only
one dominant form of the gene is
present. ___ b. A recessive trait appears in an
offspring only when the dominant form of
the gene is not present.
37
Heredity and Disease
4. Complete the table with details about the
effect of each genetic disorder on the body.
38
Risk Factors
5. Complete the table by listing risk factors for
skin cancer.
39
Advise line Ask Inga
Dear Inge Because my husbands grandmother and
great aunt had cystic fibrosis, we were
concerned that our baby might too. Happily, our
new baby daughter is just the most perfect thing
you have ever seen. Now if only I could get my
sister to stop nagging me about taking the baby
to a doctor. Shes obviously healthy. Any
suggestions for an overbearing Relative?
----Perfectly Pleased Dear Perfectly
Pleased_________ Dear Inge My mother and father
both have brown eyes, and so does my brother.
my eyes are blue. The only conclusion I can draw
is that Im adopted. How can I go about tracing
my real parents? Adopted in Kansas Dear
Adopted____________ Dear Inge My husband, Tom
and I are now expecting our third child. Tom says
if this child is not a boy, its my fault. What do
I tell him? Mother of two and a half.
Dear Mother____________
40
Review

• How is genetic information passed from one
  generation to the next?
• What are genes? How are they related to
  chromosomes?
• What

41
Lesson Quiz 4

• False
• False
• True
• True
• False
• A
• A
• A
• B
• D

42
Chapter 18 Test
19. The functions of the male reproductive system
are to produce sex hormones, to produce and store
sperm, and to deliver sperm to the female
reproductive system. 20. On days 1-4, the
uterine is shed during menstruation. On days
5-13, an egg matures in an ovary, and the uterine
lining starts to thicken. On days 14-15, the
ovary releases the mature egg during ovulation.
On days 16-22, the egg travels through the
fallopian tube to the uterus, and the uterine
lining continues to thicken. On days 23-28, the
egg enters the uterus.
11. True 12. False 13. True 14. True 15.
False 16. Hypothalamus 17. Abstinence 18.
Mammogram

• C
• A
• D
• B
• B
• C
• A
• F
• B
• D