Customer Side of the Grid: Architecture Options

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Customer Side of the Grid Architecture Options
Harvey Michaels, Scientist/Lecturer DUSP
Environmental Policy and MITEI 617-253-2084
hgm_at_mit.edu 9-326 Instructor
Enabling an Energy Efficient
Society
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(No Transcript)
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Energy Efficiency at MIT

• Expanding Coursework Energy Minor
• Integrated Technology, Economic, Management,
  Behavior, Policy Research
• 2050 Resource Assessment
• Customer Side of Smart Grid Architectural
  Options
• Smart Grid or Smart Citizen?
• Public or Private Networks?
• How to maximize behavior impact
• How to maximize market innovation
• Internet Innovation
• I2EE-based buildings
• Web 2.0 GIS/Community Systems
• Federal/State/Utility Program Design
• Utility/Community/Campus Partnerships
• Zero Net Energy buildings

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Information and pricing as an efficiency/DR
option Providing consumers with energy
diagnostics, feedback, control
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The Demand Response Issue The Load Duration
Curve Continues to Erode
With the continued penetration of central air
conditioning systems, the top 60 hours of the
year now account for 10-15 percent of the system
peak
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Smart Grid One Network or Three?

• SCADA System Control and Distribution
  Automation of G,T D
• to improve system efficiency and performance and
  provide resilience to failure.
• AMI Advanced Meter Infrastructure
• automates the meter read process,
• increases the frequency of reads to at least
  hourly,
• and possibly communicates two-way between utility
  and meter for demand response (DR) services.
• LAN Local Area Networks within buildings
• communications (powerline or wireless) between
  devices
• managing software process (in-home dedicated
  server, utility managed off-site, or Internet).
• consumer display device (kitchen, thermostat) or
  multi-purpose display (TV, computer, phone).

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The Customer Side of Smart Grid 2
strategies/architectures

• 1 Customer-Controlled Architectures
• Price-based demand response, using
  time-differentiated rates, which requires AMI.
• Vision Customers view data, make choices, in
  time automatic response by customers thermostat
  and other devices.
• 2 Utility-Controlled Architectures
• Push-button Control-based demand response The
  Utility monitors and controls end use equipment.
• Vision Generation, transmission, distribution,
  and end use equipment as part of a single system.
• Interval meter reads not essential.

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Utility Private Network Architecture utility
provides meter-to-devices communication and
control
Customer
Utility-network devices in home
MDM/Head-end
Utility-side
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Third parties or utility Energy Desks control
registered loads
Customer 1 Customer 2 Customer 3 Customer 4
Utility
Customer 5 Customer 6 Customer 7
Customer 8 Customer 9 Customer 10 Customer 11
Customer 12 Customer 13 Customer 14
Customer 15 Customer X
0 RISK
100 RISK
0 RISK
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Politics of the Smart Grid
Does Society
want Utility Control?

• End use equipment is visible and controllable by
  the utility or third party
• Utility control is more dispatchable and
  therefore can replace spinning reserve
• .but some find it kind of scary.

Resistance is Futile Prepare to be Assimilated
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Customer-responsive Architecture Providing
consumers with energy diagnostics, feedback,
control

• refers to systems for optimizing consumers
  end-use needs
  (especially air conditioning, heat, hot water)
• based on weather, schedules,
  
  and time differentiated costs.
• Time-differentiated rates are more fair,
  
  and some would argue
  inevitable.
• Customer Responsive Systems
  
  work 24/7, providing efficiency
  
  as
  well as peak demand response.

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AMI needed for Time-Dependent (dynamic) Pricing
Higher prices during Critical Peak Events
50-150 hours/year
Discounted price during off peak hours 7,700
hours/year
Higher TOU prices during peak hours 1,000
hours/year
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Customers respond to CPP price signals
Price Ratio 4.11 41 4.61
61
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Smart Grid AMI/pricing helps, but consumers
respond more with information and/or controls
Source Roger Levy, Statewide Pricing Pilot
Summer 2003 Impact Analysis, Charles Rivers
Associates, Table 1-3, 1-4, August 9, 2004.

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Customer-Controlled, Public Network Architecture
Device Workspace
Consumer-side
Utilitys Web Workspace
MDM
CRM
Utility-side
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Vision - Applications for the Smart Consumer

• Utility, thermostat, appliance, Google, etc. make
  app.
• View on home PC, work PC, TV, cell phone (at
  least until next year).
• Application ideas
• Make my AC, water heater, pool pump, refrigerator
  use pattern smarter.
• Find out what anything costs to run.
• Choose the best rate for me.
• Choose a theme understand the consequences- do
  it (ie. More Green)
• Sell a DR option.

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Opportunity

• Time for new leadership with capability,
  courage, and
  imagination to shift paradigms to develop greater
  energy efficiency!
• through strategic thinking about technologies,
  policies, planning, building methods, systems,
  software, business models.

TIME IS SHORT NEED IS HIGH OPPORTUNITY IS GREAT