World geography

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World geography

• Chapter 1
• Globalization and World Regions

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Different and similar world

• If you compared places, you would find
• what the different is.
• what the common is.

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People
?? Xiongnu
??? Germanic
Roman Emperor, Leo I
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Food
Chinese food
Pasta
Italian Food
Japanese
English food (Fired! Fired! Fired!)
Turkish food (Donser Kebap ???)
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Landscape
Vancouver
Taipei City
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Different and Changing Worlds

• Political, economic, and social experience and
  expectations are rapidly change nowadays.
• The physical shape of world isnt change.
• But connecting among people bring places closer
  as cooperation, competition, and conflict with
  other peoples become more intense.

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9/11
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9/11

• The 911 event alerted Americans government
• You can not dominate another county arbitrarily
• Whats different from Muslims and Americans?
• Environment ? Society, Economics, Politics
• Oil ? Economics ? Political Power ? Cultural
  decline, poverty, belief conflict ? reaction

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4 geographic levels to see Earth

• Global
• views from spacecraft show the contrasts between
  continental land areas and ocean waters.
• Major World regions
• are whole or large parts of continents and are
  the division used in this text for the regional
  chapters.
• Countries
• are the building blocks of major world regions.
• Local regions
• are parts of countries and the places where many
  individuals voice their concerns.

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Globalization vs. Localization

• Globalization
• Globalization is increasing level of
  interconnections among people throughout the
  world.
• The speed and intensity of globalization, in
  terms of world trade and the flow of financial
  investments, increased markedly in the 1990s.

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Globalization vs. Localization

• Localization is both response to and the outcome
  of globalization.
• On the one hand, global exchanges and flows of
  information, ideas, people, money, and technology
  move us toward worldwide political solutions,
  economic exchanges, cultural attitudes, and
  environmental concerns.
• On the other, localization focuses on distinctive
  identities of places or people in regions,
  countries, or local areas.

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Facets of Globalization

• Increasing connections take place through
  intensified flows of ideas, goods, and people
• Ideas, technologies, and diseases
• Goods from many place of manufacture
• People migrations for work, political asylum,
  family consolidation, and long-distance tourism
• The spread of images and message through the
  media of TV, film, the Internet and print.

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Facets of Localization

• Local voice remain loud in our consciousness and
  ensure that global trends are often far from
  being fulfilled.
• Political nationalism maintains separation
  countries and of groups within countries. Ex.
  Basque, Aceh

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Facets of Localization

• Despite globalization force, many local customs
  and practices preserve local identities. Ex. Pop
  music
• Changes and intensification of ideologies,
  especially religious or political beliefs. Ex.
  ????
• Religious difference among Christian, Muslim,
  Jewish, Buddhist, and Hindu countries continue to
  be signification.
• Demonstrators resist the visible economic
  penetration of countries around the world by
  global media and corporations such as CNN, the
  Murdoch group, McDonalds, Starbuck, Toyota, and
  Nike.

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Figure 1.3
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Despite of globalization, the World remained
diverse

• Political activity Countries Act
• 1950-1991 Cold war
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) vs.
  Soviet Union
• Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
  vs. Communist governments
• Southern Africa Development Coordination (SADCC)
  vs. apartheid
• UN become a world-wide level arbitrator
• Inside vs. Outside

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Economic Activities Global Trends

• The numbers people living on lt 1 per day
• 900 m (85)(1820)?1.4 b (30)(1980)? 1.2 b
  (20)(2000)
• In the 1990s, the uneven spread of expanding
  global economic activities caused group of
  countries to enter into or revive regional
  economic agreements, mainly through trade.
• European Union (EU)
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
• Mercosur (southern South America)
• Association of South East Asian Countries
• South Africa Development conference
• US, the countries of western Europe and Japan
  Controlled nearly all the investment,
  production, and consumption of goods.
• China, India and Brazil increased their
  contribution.
• Wealthier people vs. Poorer people

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Cultural Activities Major Regions, Local Voice

• One world culture? Did these wiped out the local
  cultural difference
• Cocacola-ization of eating and drinking habits
• the spread of Western TV, movies, pop music
• global markets for some consumer goods
• Ex. India
• Western cultural norms
• democracy, individual ,and human rights
• Materialism, consumerism, and superficial value

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Civilizations (World Cultures)

• Figure 1.6

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Environmental issues at varied scales

• Earth is marked by a variety of natural
  environments that create differences among
  regions
• Natural environments affects human events at
  global, world regional, country, and local
  scales.
• world regional, country, or local scales
  Prediction of hurricanelike storms, effects of
  acid rain, and damage from river floods and
  volcanic eruptions
• global scale global warming, El Nino, the ozone
  hole over Antarctica, and the destruction of
  tropical rain forests
• Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1992), Kyoto, Japan
  (1997)

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What is geography about?

• Geography is study of
• where and how human and natural feature and
  events (political, economic, cultural, and
  environmental) are distributed on Earths
  surface,
• the relationships among them,
• how their distributions change over time,
• and how those features and relationships affect
  human lives.

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Subject matter

• The tensions among globalization, localization,
  and the continuing significance of country
  governments provide a basis changes and move
  toward either greater interdependence or
  conflict.
• Thus, geographers compare places and assess the
  interactions among them at different levels of
  geographic scale.

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Geographic methods

• Location
• Place
• Human/Environment interaction
• Movement
• Region

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First, geography is about place

• Place might be a
• Individual place
• Small town
• Large city
• Rural area
• Another state
• Another country
• Place might be perceived as points on a map or as
  large area.
• However, they all have different relationships to
  each other in terms of location, direction,
  distance, and size.

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Latitude and Longitude

• Figure 1.8

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Distance and Direction
Meridian and parallel is the basic of time,
distance and direction
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Map and Scale
Size of Scale Representative Franction (RF)
Large Scale 125,000 or larger Medium
Scale 11,000,000 to 125,000 Small Scale
11,000,000 or smaller
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Next, geography is about explaining the
difference among place

• The two basic geographic concepts of place and
  location are combined in three main approaches to
  geographic information gathering and explaining
• Regional geography
• A region is a area of Earths surface with
  similarities within and between defined areas, or
  regions, of the world.
• Spatial analysis
• Human-environment relationship

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Regions and Globalization

• Regions are defined by
• A high degree of uniformity
• Limited variability
• More-or-less lasting boundaries
• Regional boundaries may include physical
  features, political boundaries, or economic
  characteristics.

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Regions dynamic features

• Regions are also dynamic geographic entities that
  have distinctive internal and external flow
  patterns of such phenomena as people, goods, and
  ideas.
• Nodes are key features of regions, being specific
  places from which flows begin or through which of
  a set of nodes may define the boundary of a
  region.

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Flow feature

• Flows within and among
• regions include population migrations
• information from the media, Internet, or
  publications
• movements of money
• technology innovations in manufacturing process,
  information processing, or new transportation
  modes
• and ideology through political and regions within
  world regions

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The flows of geographic levels

• The dynamic elements of such flows within and
  among regions affect the prominence
• of regions within a countries
• of countries within world regions
• of world regions within the global system

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The characteristics of flows

• The variety of these flows is generated by
• path
• speed
• direction and the different relationship to
  social structure imposed by governments and other
  institutions.
• Breaks or interruptions in the flows may result
  in social problem such as
• inequities,
• injustices,
• and underresourced livelihoods at the local level.

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Changes in dynamic regions

• People create regions
• Regions shape peoples activities
• People remake regions
• Regions interact with other regions
• Regions are used by those in power

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Major world regions

• Europe
• Russia and Neighboring Countries
• East Asia
• Southern Asia and South Pacific
• South Asia
• North Africa and Southwestern Asia
• Africa South of the Sahara
• Latin America
• North America

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Figure 1.11
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Development of world regions

• Early history (about 5000 B.C)
• Settle Farming
• City-State and Empires (2500-1000 B.C.)
• Trading Empires and Classical Civilizations
  (1000 B.C.- A.D.600)
• Disruptions, Migrations, and Feudalism (A.D. 600
  - 1450)
• The modern, globalizing world
• Explorations and colonies ( around A.D. 1450)
• Industrialization (mid-1700s)
• Globalization, Countries, and Protectionism
  (1450- early 1800s)

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