USING APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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USING APPLIED SCIENCEAND TECHNOLOGY

• BY HOWARD HENDERSON
• CHAPTER 2
• AGRISCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY

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DEFINITION OF AGRISCIENCE

• IT IS THE USE OF SCIENCE IN PRODUCING FOOD, FIBER
  AND SHELTER
• APPLIED SCIENCE ANSWERS THE QUESTION WHAT SHOULD
  I DO? WHAT CHEMICAL TO USE
• BASIC SCIENCE ANSWERS THE QUESTION WHY DOES IT
  DO WHAT IT DOES? EX. WHY CHEMICAL WORKS

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TECHNOLOGY

• PRACTICAL USE OF SCIENCE-USUALLY INCREASES FOOD
  PRODUCTION
• DEVELOPMENT OF BST IN DAIRY TO INCREASE THE
  AMOUNT OF MILK ONE COW WILL PRODUCE ADVANTAGE -
  LESS COWS NEEDED DISADVANTAGE - LESS DAIRY
  FARMERS NEEDED

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LEADERSHIP AND TECHNOLOGY

• AGRISCIENTISTS AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS OFTEN
  MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT WHAT WILL BE AVAILABLE
• EXAMPLE WOULD BE IN THE US MONSANTO DEVELOPED A
  SOYBEAN THAT PRODUCES STERILE SEEDTHEY DECIDED
  NOT TO PUT IT ON THE MARKET

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FOUR AREAS OF SCIENCE

• MATHEMATICS - WEIGHT TO BUY AND SELL A PRODUCT
  LAND SURVEYING
• PHSICAL SCIENCE - NONLIVING MATTER EARTH
  SCIENCE/CHEMISTY/PHYSICS EXAMPLE ACCURATE
  WEATHER/FERTILIZER/LOADING RAMPS

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FOUR AREAS CONT.

• LIFE SCIENCE - STUDY OF LIVING THINGS INCLUDES
  BOTONY AND ZOOLOGY
• WAYS TO MAKE PLANTS AND ANIMALS GROW BETTER
• SOCIAL SCIENCE -BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE WHY PEOPLE
  RESPOND AS THEY DO TO FOOD

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AGRONOMY

• DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF PLANTS AND HOW THEY
  RELATE TO THE SOIL
• PURPOSE IS TO IMPROVE CROP PRODUCTION AND
  CONSERVE NATURAL RESOURCES

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HORTICULTURE

• SCIENCE OF GROWING FRUITS,NUTS AND VEGETABLES
• ALSO INCLUDES FLOWERS AND ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS AND
  VINES

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FORESTRY

• SCIENCE OF GROWING AND USING FORESTS
• TWO TYPES OF FORESTS CULTURED - TREES ARE
  PLANTED AND CARED FOR
• NATIVE - TREES THAT GROW WILDUSUALLY A MIXTURE
  OF TYPES

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ENTOMOLOGY

• BRANCH OF ZOOLOGY THAT DEALS WITH INSECTS AND
  RELATED SMALL ANIMALS
• INCLUDES BENEFICIAL INSECTS -HONEYBEE
• HARMFUL INSECTS - CORN BORERS

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ANIMAL SCIENCE

• AREA OF AGRISCIENCE DEALING WITH THE PRODUCTION
  OF ANIMALS FOR FOOD
• ANIMALS USED FOR MEAT INCLUDE CATTLE, HOGS,
  SHEEP, GOATS, BISON, EMUS AND LLAMAS

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POULTRY SCIENCE

• AREA DEALING WITH RAISING CHICKENS AND RELATED
  FOWL(BIRDS)
• MOST IMPORTANT - CHICKENS
• OTHERS INCLUDE - TURKEYS, DUCKS, GEESE,
  PHEASANTS, QUAIL, AND GUINEA

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AQUACULTURE

• IS THE SCIENCE OF WATER FARMING
• DEALS WITH BOTH AQUATIC PLANTS AND ANIMALS
• EXAMPLES OF PLANTS - WATER CHESTNUTS AND WATER
  CRESS
• EXAMPLES OF ANIMALS - TROUT AND ALLIGATORS

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

• INVOLVES WAYS OF WISELY USING AND PROTECTING THE
  THINGS AROUND US
• EMPHASIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE INCLUDE THE
  AIR, SOIL, WATER, WILDLIFE, NATIVE PLANTS AND
  MINERALS

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MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY

• INVOLVES THE USE OF MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT TO DO
  WORK
• EXAMPLES ARE DEVELOPING TRACTORS, GREENHOUSES,
  PONDS, HARVESTING EQUIPMENT,ETC.

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SCIENTIFIC METHOD

• FIVE IMPORTANT STEPS
• STEP ONE IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM EXAMPLE - TOO
  MUCH BACKFAT IN LOCAL PIGS USED FOR SLAUGHTER
• STEP TWO GET INFORMATION EXAMPLE - COLLECT DATA
  FROM SLAUGHTER HOUSES IN AREA

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SCIENTIFIC METHODCONT.

• STEP 3 SUGGEST AN ANSWER EXAMPLE - USE A
  SUPERIOR BOAR ON AREA SOW HERDS
• STEP 4 EXPERIMENT
• EXAMPLE - FEED OUT OFFSPRING AND COMPARE CUT OUT
  DATA
• STEP 5 FORM CONCLUSIONS EXAMPLE - NEED TO USE
  NEW GENETICS IN OUR AREA

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RESEARCH

• AGRISCIENCE RESEARCH IS CARRIED OUT BY LAND-GRANT
  UNIVERSITIES, AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES,
  AGRIBUSINESSES AND OTHER GROUPS
• A FEW FARMS DO RESEARCH

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NEW AREAS OF AGRISCIENCE

• BIOTECHNOLOGY
• GENETIC ENGINEERING
• REMOTE SENSING
• LASER TECHNOLGY
• COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE
• RADIATION

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BIOTECHNOLOGY

• EXAMPLES OF BIOTECH
• DEVELOPING VACCINES
• PRODUCTS THAT WILL CAUSE LIVESTOCK TO PRODUCE
  MORE MEAT ON LESS FOOD
• DEVELOPING BACTERIA THAT WILL CONSUME WASTES

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GENETIC ENGINEERING

• DEVELOP CROPS THAT ARE INSECT RESISTANCE
• DEVELOP A TOMATO THAT IS ROT RESISTANCE
• DEVELOP A CROP PLANT THAT KILLS THE WEEDS AROUND
  THEM

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REMOTE SENSING

• INVOLVES GATHERING AND RECORDING DATA FROM A
  GREAT DISTANCE
• WEATHER INFORMATION
• RESOURCE LOCATION
• CROP PESTS
• PROTECTING NATURAL RESOURCES

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LASER TECHNOLOGY

• A DEVICE THAT PRODUCES A SPECIAL KIND OF LIGHT
• LAND FORMING
• MONITORING PROCESSES
• SCANNING - SUPERMARKETS

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COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE

• USING COMPUTERS TO SOLVE PROBLEMS IN AGRISCIENCE
• DESIGNING FACILITIES
• DEVELOPING PRODUCTS
• MODELING NATURAL RESOURCES

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RADIATION

• USE OF RADIATION
• PREVENTING SPOILAGE OF FOOD BY KILLING BACTERIA
  THAT MAY BE ON OR IN A FOOD PRODUCT
• KEEPING INSECTS OUT OF STORED FOOD

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ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITHAGRI/TECHNOLOGY

• FOOD SAFETY
• POLLUTION
• CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES
• HUMAN RIGHTS EXAMPLE - FOOD PRODUCTS SHOULD NOT
  BE IMPORTED FROM A NATION WHERE PESTICIDES ARE
  BEING USED IMPROPERLY