GIS and Remote Sensing in Modern Military Operations Jon

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GIS and Remote Sensing in Modern Military
Operations

• Jon Laird
• Dept. of Geography

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Outline

• Background
• Former cruise missile technology
• Current cruise missile technology
• GIS on the battlefield ESRI products for the
  military
• Future of GIS applied to small unit tactics

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Former Cruise Missile Technology

• Navigation
• Inertial Navigation System (INS)
• Terrain Contour Matching (TERCOM)
• (later) Global Positioning System (GPS)
• Terminal phase
• Digital Scene Matching Area Correlator (DSMAC)

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TERCOM
Tomahawk Cruise Missile Track using INS and TERCOM
Launch

• Multiple raster maps stored (all with same
  dimensions)
• Maps are DEMS of areas that have distinct
  topography
• Spatial resolution increases with each successive
  mapprecision funneling

INS Navigation
Waypoint fix
Target
Stored map
Missile track
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DSMAC and TERCOM

• Accurate 30-100 m
• Must obtain data for entire land surface of earth
• Very inefficient over flat areascircuitous route
  necessary

Generate DEM from high-resolution satellite
imagery
Radar-altimeter used to compare elevation of
terrain with stored data
High-resolution imagery (spatial and radiometric)
Right time of daycorrect range of contrast
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Next Generation MissileJASSM

• Joint Air-Surface Standoff Missile
• Navigation
• INS
• GPS
• Terminal Phase
• IR seeker
• Real-time target correlator
• Much more precise

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GIS on the Battlefield ESRI

• Command and Control

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GIS on the Battlefield ESRI

• Mission PlanningThreat Domes

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GIS on the Battlefield ESRI

• Military Operations in Urbanized Terrain

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GIS on the Battlefield ESRI

• Tracking and Monitoring

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The Future GIS Integrated with Land Warrior

• Land Warrior System

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What GIS can do for small units

• Command and control
• For company commanders, platoon and squad leaders
• Track movements and status of each person and
  unit
• Transmit messages, images, maps, to individuals
• Navigation
• View 2D or 3D maps of current location in
  multiple views
• GPS to direct toward waypoints
• Soldier identification and target discrimination
• Friendly troops
• Enemy troops
• Civilians

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GIS for small units

• Terrain analysis
• Cross-country mobility
• Patrol base analysisOCOKA
• Observation and fields of fire
• Cover and concealment
• Obstacles
• Key terrain
• Avenues of approach
• Automated real-time data correction
• Communication with command center
• Field commanders can query GIS analysts at
  command center to conduct terrain analysis or
  least cost path

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Desired end result complete integration of all
soldier systems and geospatial technologies on
every level

• Why?
• Maximize lethality
• Maximize economy of force
• Maintain unity of command
• Maintain increased level of security
• Eliminate accidents due to friendly fire (i.e.
  Gulf War I)
• Significantly diminish collateral damage
• Lessen number of decisions field commanders need
  to make

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Sources

• Federation of American Scientists
• ESRI
• US Army
• Centre for Defence and International Security
  Studies
• Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

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Questions/comments/suggestions?