Fleet Management: A GPS-GIS Integrated Approach

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Fleet Management A GPS-GIS Integrated Approach

• Map India 2003, GPS Technical Session
  Presentation
• By-
• S.S.S. Prakash and Prof. M.N. Kulkarni
• Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

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Outline

• Introduction
• GPS augmentations and GIS integration
• Fleet management associated problems
• Logistics and supply chains
• Disaster recovery (Case Study)
• Pilot experiment and results
• Conclusions and future work

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Introduction

• Global Positioning Systems
• Navigation System of the U.S. DoD operated by the
  50th space wing, Schriever Air Force Base,
  Colorado Springs
• Space Segment 24 satellites in 6 orbital planes
  at 20,200 km altitude
• Control Segment 6 monitoring stations for
  precise ephemeris and clock corrections
• User Segment antenna, receiver, processing
  software

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Introduction (contd.)

• Geographic Information Systems
• Computer-based methodology for managing and
  analyzing geographical data
• Correlation between various layers of data
• Various perspectives of presentation for
  effective interpretation and analysis of data

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Introduction (contd.)

• GPS-GIS integration in fleet management
• Real-time Automatic Vehicle Location
• Position display on map
• Driver and control-room interaction
• In-vehicle routing and guidance
• Monitoring driver and traffic characteristics
• Security systems

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GPS Augmentations and GIS Integration

• Differential GPS
• Block shift technique
• Range correction technique
• Beacons and antennae
• GLONASS and Galileo Integration
• Pseudolites, INS, HAPS
• Precise GIS-based maps to snap back the
  obtained positions to the correct route

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Fleet management (associated problems)

• Public transport and utility fleets
• Buses, trams, fire-brigade, police vehicles,
  ambulances
• Tracking in case of accidents, thefts or
  hijackings
• Fleet performance, detection of irregularities
• Commercial fleets
• Supply of raw materials and finished goods
• Operations control in manufacturing

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Logistics and Supply Chains

• Dynamic routing and trip allocation
• Prompt supply of raw material and finished
  products (JIT method)
• Least storage time at warehouses
• Randomness of transit times, equipment failures
  and driver availability

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Disaster Recovery (Case Study)

• Ground Zero disaster due to the 9/11 attack
• Removal of 1.8 million tonnes of debris
• Enormous costs and management problems
• Continuing search for human remains and debris
  testing for evidence
• Total loss of the fiber-optic network
• Multiple disposal sites

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Case Study - Solution

• Response center in the American Express building
  connected to website server at Minneapolis by a
  fiber-optic network.
• GPS receivers on trucks capable of triggering
  alarms on signal loss, tampering, deviation from
  given route, unauthorized dumping.
• GIS maps displaying equipment status and tunnel
  locations for lowering tracking levels

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Case Study - Results

• First time use of GPS-based technology for
  disaster recovery by Criticom International
  Corporation of Minneapolis, Minnesota
• Task accomplished in 8 months
• Cost 750 million Vs predicted 7 billion
• Online access of audit data after closure

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Pilot Experiment

• GPS readings for key landmarks and major roads to
  check for signal availability in the IIT campus
• Trimble GeoExplorer3 mapping-type hand-held
  receivers used to log data
• GPS data processed by Pathfinder Office software
  version 2.8
• GPS data exported to GIS ArcView software version
  3.1 to plot colour-gradation of PDOP and
  Horizontal Precision values along the route

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Pilot Experiment Results
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Pilot Experiment Results (contd.)
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Pilot Experiment Results (contd.)
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Conclusions and Future Work

• Precision of positioning obtained in the pilot
  test good enough for transportation purposes
• Canopy problem can be solved using precise
  GIS-based maps
• Real-time integration being pursued using rover
  receiver, modem and transmitter for transmission
  to base station

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Acknowledgements

• The study is presently being carried out by the
  first author (S.S.S.Prakash) as a part of his
  B.Tech project at the Department of Civil
  Engineering, IIT Bombay under the guidance of the
  second author (Prof. M.N. Kulkarni).
• The support received from the Department of
  Science and Technology, Govt. of India, under a
  sponsored project is gratefully acknowledged.