Perception, Attitudes, and Individual Differences

1
Perception, Attitudes, and Individual Differences

• Why people behave the way they do.
• Sensation
• Perception
• Physiological Limitations
• Cultural and Environmental Constraints

2
Basic Internal Perceptual Organizing Patterns

• Gestalt Psychology
• Figure-Ground Phenomena
• Closure

3
External Factors In Perception

• Intensity
• Contrast
• Size
• Proximity
• Similarity
• Repetition
• Motion
• Novel and very familiar

4
Social And Interpersonal Perception

• Schemas and Scripts
• Self-schemas
• Person schemas
• Event schemas
• Role schemas
• Perceptual Distortion
• Stereotyping
• Halo Effect
• Expectancy
• Projection
• Perceptual Defense

5
Social And Interpersonal Perception Continued

• Attribution Theory
• Intrapersonal
• Interpersonal
• Intergroup
• Organizational/Societal
• Locus of Control
• Attribution Theory and Motivation

6
Perception and Individual Differences

• Personality (Type A-Type B, MBTI)
• 1. Conscientiousness
• 2. Extroversion
• 3. Openness to experience
• 4. Emotional stability
• 5. Agreeableness
• Self-Concept
• 1. Values
• 2. Beliefs
• 3. Competencies
• 4. Personal goals

7
Perception andCont.

• An Information-Processing Approach to Social
  Perception
• 1. Selective attention
• 2. Encoding
• 3. Storage and retention
• 4. Retrieval
• 5. Judgment

8
Attitudes And Attitude Formation

• Attitude Change
• Attitudes and Behavior
• Cognitive Dissonance
• Choice or decision has negative consequences
• Expectations are unfulfilled or disconfirmed
• Forced compliance or insufficient justification
  exists

9
Emotional Intelligence

• 1. Self-awareness
• 2. Self-regulation
• 3. Motivation
• 4. Empathy
• 5. Social skills

10
ConclusionThe Social Context Of Judgment And
Choice

• ...situations that are perceived to be real are
  real in their consequences.
  W.I. Thomas