Presented by: Larry Kinsman ORIN Remediation Technologies

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Presented by Larry Kinsman ORIN Remediation
Technologies
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Experiences of
Chemical Oxidation and Why
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Overview

• Site Evaluation
• Bench Testing
• Implementation
• The Chemistries and Case Studies
• Health and Safety
• Pricing

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Site Evaluation

• Determining if the site is a good fit for
  treatment
• Type of soils
• Type of contaminant
• Type of subsurface conditions (geochemistry,
  anaerobic or aerobic)
• Which approach is best? (bioremediation, chemical
  oxidation)
• Type of implementation (in-situ, ex-situ, or a
  combination)

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Conditions that Require Special Consideration

• Low permeable soils
• Deep aquifers and very shallow aquifers
• LNAPL / DNAPL
• Confined formations
• High organic soils
• Old landfills and dumps
• River embankments
• Under buildings

Source ITRC's In Situ Chemical Oxidation of
Contaminated Soil and Groundwater Second Edition
(ISCO-2, 2005) available from www.itrcweb.org
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Implementation The Keys to Success !

• Delineation! Delineation! Delineation!
• Leads to the Right chemistry
• Leads to the Proper Implementation

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Bench Testing

• Verify contaminant removal
• Test natural oxidant demand (NOD) requirement
• Assess effect of treatment on secondary water
  quality (e.g. pH, dissolved iron, mobilization of
  metals)
• Assess attenuation of secondary parameters

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Column Tests
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Fentons and Persulfate Test Setup
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What Lab Testing Cannot Do

• Perfectly simulate field conditions
• Cant determine exact amount of reagent needed
• Cant predict the exact degree of change in a
  secondary parameter
• Predict exactly how long secondary effects will
  last
• Promise perfect results in the field
• Applicability of bench test results depends upon
  how well test soil / groundwater represents the
  site
• Success of ISCO depends upon skill and experience
  of field remediation team

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Implementation Processes

• Ex-situ
• - Above ground treatment of contaminants
• In-situ
• - In place treatment of contaminants

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Ex-Situ Applications
Backhoe mixing
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• TROMMEL SCREENER
• Used for
• - Soil screening
• and addition of soil amendments
• - Best suited for large scale jobs

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• Mixing Head

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Types of subsurface in-situ techniques

• Grouted in injection points
• Backhoe mixing
• Auger/ Grinder mixing
• Direct Push

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High Pressure Activated Injection Point
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Injection Rod With Disposable Point
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Side Injection Point
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Injection screen point
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Specialized Injection Trailer
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Delivery SystemsBatch vs. Recirculation
Batch Oxidant Injection
Oxidant Recirculation
Source ITRC's In Situ Chemical Oxidation of
Contaminated Soil and Groundwater Second Edition
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Treatment Approaches

• Chemical Oxidation
• Reductive Dechlorination
• Bioremediation

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The Oxidation Chemistries

• Hydrogen Peroxide with Acid Water (pH dependent)
• Klozur Sodium Persulfate
• Ozone
• Calcium Peroxide
• Permanganate (not pH dependent)
• Fentons Reagent (pH dependent)

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Reductive Dechlorination

• Zero Valent Iron
• Lactic Acid
• Soy Bean Oil
• Combinations

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Bioremediation

• PermeOx Plus , EHC-O, Regenesis ORC Advanced
  Slow release oxygenating compound
• Combination of oxidants - Klozur ENA
• ISOCs gas diffusion devices

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Case HistoriesBench-, Pilot- and Full-Scale
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Case Studies - Background

• The case studies presented here represent both
  petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents.
• While this trend for Chemox of petroleum
  hydrocarbons exists, these following case studies
  offer reasons why scale-up testing can be
  valuable and should be considered as a useful,
  cost-effective step in scaling up the design of
  Chemox systems targeting petroleum.

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Case Study 1Property RedevelopmentPilot-Scale

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General Information

• Successful bench and pilot scale project
• Bench-scale soil tested for TOD
• Pilot-scale testing parameters, based upon TOD,
  was implemented
• Old dumping area
• Soil Sand with trace silts
• Depth of contamination 20 to 55 feet
• Contaminants Creosote, BTEX, and Naphthalene
• Oxidant injected 25 Klozur Sodium Persulfate
• Number of injection points 8
• Number of days of injecting 2

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Groundwater Results
Units ppb
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Case Study 2Site Redevelopment
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General Information

• Unsuccessful pilot-scale testing
• Bench-scale testing of soil for TOD successfully
  completed, and design criteria established for
  pilot-scale test
• Abandon Manufacturing Facility
• Soil Clay
• Depth of contamination 20 to 35 feet
• Contaminants PCE and TCE
• Chemical injected Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium
  Persulfate
• Number of injection points 16

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Groundwater Results
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Case Study 3Property Transaction Site
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General Information

• Successful field implementation
• -Bench test successfully completed
• Oil Refinery (pipeline leak)
• Soil silty clay
• Depth of contamination 4 to 13 feet
• Contaminants BTEX
• Calcium Peroxide and Sodium Persulfate injected
  15 to 40 (Klozur ENA)
• Number of injection points 35
• Number of days on injecting 3

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Groundwater Results
Units ppm
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Case Study 4

• Successful bench-scale testing of soil containing
  petroleum hydrocarbons and lead
• Soil sample was tested for TOD
• Successful treatment of lead noted, but natural
  oxidant demand was high, resulting in the need
  for multiple oxidant injections to overcome the
  oxidant demand and to achieve satisfactory
  petroleum hydrocarbon reductions
• Due to background oxidant demand needing to be
  overcome in order to reduce COC levels, Chemox at
  this site was not a costs-effective option
• Dig haul was a more cost-effective option
  offering assurance that all COC were removed from
  the site

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Case Study 5Industrial Clean-upPilot-Scale

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General Information

• Mixed results for pilot scale activities
• Successful reduction under the building
• Currently, no reduction down-gradient injection
  area
• Plume over 1 mile in length (injection areas ½
  mile apart)
• Soil Fine to medium sands with silt and clay
  lenses
• Depth of contamination 15 to 30 feet
• Contaminants TCE, DCE, VC (exhibited reducing
  conditions at both areas)
• Chemistry EOS
• Number of injection points 22 DPT points
  outside and seven 4 PVC recovery wells inside
  building
• Number of days of injecting 3

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Groundwater Results

• Reducing conditions under building
• Adequate bacteria count
• 85 reduction of TCE
• Ethene observed post injection at 24X original
  concentration
• Reducing conditions under building
• Low to non-detect bacteria count
• little reduction of TCE
• Ethene observed non-detect pre- and
  post-injection
• Low fatty acid count (only acetic acid detected)

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Groundwater Results
Units ug/L
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Dissolved Gases Results
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Health and Safety

• Review of site conditions (utility corridor,
  constituents, surrounding land use)
• Site-specific Health and Safety Plan
• Subsurface mixing of reactive chemicals
• Health and Safety audits

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Oxidizing ChemistriesHealth, Safety
Environment (HSE) Concerns

• Read understand material safety datasheets
  (MSDS) prior to material handling (reference MSDS
  websites as needed)
• Potential hazard risks to mitigate and avoid
• extreme contact risk, especially to eyes
• Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a must
• Readily available eyewash / shower
• inhalation and dermal contact
• Ensure oxidants compatibility with equipment and
  materials
• Store and protect oxidants (heat/cold sun/rain,
  as appropriate)
• Develop site-specific Health and Safety Plans
  (HASPs) in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120
  guidance
• Enforce HASP requirements for everyone on-site!

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Oxidizing ChemistriesHSE Concerns

• Investigate, characterize and understand your
  site and surrounding area!
• Complete a competent receptor survey
• Evaluate potential migration pathways
• Utility corridors, particularly underground
• Potential conduits for vapors liquids transport
• Geologic/Hydrogeologic fractures
• Consider surface runoff discharge points
  ultimate discharge
• Weather patterns
• Precipitation collection basins run-off routes
• Infrastructure concerns
• Buildings, roadways, underground piping, sewers,
  wells
• UST systems and underground piping/pumps
• Overhead hazards
• Evaluate current infrastructure elements
  integrity

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Oxidizing ChemistriesHSE Concerns

• Available on-site space
• Working space for remediation equipment
• Traffic patterns
• People
• Vehicles
• Site accessibility
• On-site personnel, public, visitors
• Emergency vehicles
• Ingress/Egress routes, primary and alternates
• Hospital options routes
• All on-site personal should have up-to-date OSHA,
  First Aid, and First-Responder training
• On-site HASP read, communicated, and signed by
  all on-site personnel and visitors

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Look at Total Recordable Incidents of the
Contractors During their Operating Existence
before Hiring
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Implementation The Keys to Success !

• Delineation! Delineation! Delineation!
• Leads to the Right chemistry
• Leads to the Proper Implementation

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ORINs Services

• In-house Treatability laboratory
• UV/Vis Spectroscopy
• Total Oxidant Demand Test
• Bench Scale Feasibility
• Studies

• Remediation Services
• Construction Management
• In-situ and Ex-situ treatment
• Product Recovery with Oxidant Flooding
• Organic and Inorganic

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Question and Answers Relating to Chemical
Treatment
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Contact Information

• Larry Kinsman
• ORIN Remediation Technologies
• Office 608-838-6699
• Cell 608-445-7707

Offering you the finest environmental
contracting services, products remedial
technologies available
Craig Marlow 8248 Hidden Forest Drive, Holland,
Ohio 43528 Phone [phone] Fax [phone]
Cell 419.349.7970 Email cemarlow_at_att.net