CPR/AED’s

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CPR/AEDs
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Introduction

• Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of
  death for men and women in the United States.
• 61 million Americans have some form of heart
  disease
• 40 of all deaths in the US are cause by heart
  disease and stroke

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• Two common cardiac emergencies are
• a Heart Attack
• also known as myocardial infarction
• Cardiac Arrest
• Most people who die from a heart attack, will die
  within 1-2 hours after the first symptoms!

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A heart attack refers to a condition in which the
blood flow to the heart muscle is compromised and
part or all of the muscle begins to die.
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A heart attack refers to a condition in which the
blood flow to the heart muscle is compromised and
part or all of the muscle begins to die.
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The term cardiac arrest refers to a condition in
which the heart stops beating
Enough tissue goes long enough without
oxygen that the section of tissue diesLarge
section/sections die results in CA Tissue cannot
be regeneratedLess muscle now available to
contract and do work send oxygenated
blood out to the tissues
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Primary need to get heart beating again ASAP
OR Mimic action of heart beating to send blood
out to the tissues
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CPR

• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a
  combination of chest compressions and rescue
  breathing.

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• Cardiac chain-of-survival
• Early recognition and early access
• Early CPR
• Early defibrillation
• Early advanced medical care

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Recognizing Signals of a Heart Attack

• Heart attacks are caused by an obstruction in the
  coronary arteries.
• This blockage leads to death of the heart muscle.
• Pain is described as
• Uncomfortable pressure.
• Squeezing or Constricting.
• Crushing Tightness or Aching
• Nausea or vomiting
• Heavy sensation in the chest.
• Trouble breathing (SOB)
• Jaw Pain

• Paleness.
• Ashen or bluish skin, particularly around the
  face and mouth
• Skin may also be moist.

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Recognizing Signals of a Heart Attack

• Any severe chest pain, pain lasting longer than
  3-5 minutes or chest pain accompanied by other
  signals of a heart attack should receive
  emergency medical care immediately.

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Recognizing Signals of a Heart Attack

• As with men, a womans most common heart attack
  signal is chest pain or discomfort.
• Women are somewhat more likely to experience
  other warning signals, particularly
• Shortness of breath.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Back or jaw pain.

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Care for a Heart Attack

• Follow CheckCallCare.
• Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.
• Have the victim stop all physical activity.
• Loosen any restrictive clothing and have the
  victim rest.
• Monitor the victim closely.
• Be prepared to perform CPR or use an AED.
• Talk to bystanders.
• Assist the victim.
• Do not try to drive the victim to the hospital
  yourself.
• Demonstrate a calm, reassuring manner.

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CPR rates
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CPR - Adult

• Go thru Check/Call/Care
• Request an AED when sending someone to call 911
• Go thru ABCS
• After determining there are no signs of life (LLF
  and watch chest for movement), locate correct
  hand position, using two hands, lock elbows,
  shoulders over chest and compress chest 2 30
  times in 18 secs. HTCL give 2 slow breaths.
  Repeat until AED arrives or EMTs show up
• If breathing or shows SOL, maintain HTCL and
  monitor for changes
• Compression rate is about 100 times per minute

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CPR - Child

• Go thru Check/Call/Care
• send someone to call 911 or give 2 minutes of
  care before going yourself if you have to leave
  them alone
• Go thru ABCS
• After determining there is no pulse, locate
  correct hand position, using heel of one hand,
  lock elbow, shoulders over chest, maintain Head
  Tilt and compress chest 1 1/2 30 times in 18
  secs. HTCL give 2 slow breaths. Repeat for 2 min
  then check pulse while you LLF. If no pulse,
  continue compressions/breaths checking pulse
  every few minutes thereafter.
• Once a pulse is detected, LLF for breathing, if
  not, continue with rescue breathing
• If breathing and has a pulse, maintain HTCL and
  monitor for changes
• Compression rate is about 100 times per minute

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CPR - Infant

• Go thru Check/Call/Care
• send someone to call 911 or give 1 minute of care
  before going yourself
• Go thru ABCS
• After determining there is no pulse at brachial
  artery, locate correct finger position, using
  index and middle finger, locate nipples and place
  fingers midway between, maintain Head Tilt and
  compress chest 1/2-1 30 times in 18 secs. HTCL
  give 2 slow breaths over mouth and nose. Repeat
  for 2 min then check pulse while you LLF. If no
  pulse, continue compressions/breaths checking
  pulse every few minutes thereafter.
• Once a pulse is detected, LLF for breathing, if
  not, continue with rescue breathing
• If breathing and has a pulse, maintain HTCL and
  monitor for changes
• Compression rate is at least 100 times per minute

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Adult AED (Automated External Defibrillation)
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Introduction

• Most victims of sudden cardiac arrest need an
  electric shock, called defibrillation.

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Each minute that defibrillation is delayed
reduces the victims chances of survival by about
10 percent.The sooner the shock is
administered, the greater the likelihood of the
victims survival.
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An automated external defibrillator (AED) is a
machine that analyzes the hearts rhythm and, if
necessary, tells you to deliver a shock to a
victim of a sudden cardiac arrest.This shock,
called defibrillation, may help the heart
reestablish an effective rhythm.Defibrillation
is not intended to restart a heart without any
electrical activity.
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Safety Precautions When Using an AED

• When using an AED, follow these precautions
• Do not touch the victim while the AED is
  analyzing.
• Do not touch the victim while defibrillating.
• Dry victims chest before applying pads but do
  not use alcohol to wipe the victims chest dry.
• Do not defibrillate someone around flammable
  materials or cell phones.

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(contd) --Do not use an AED in a moving
vehicle-Do not use an AED on a victim in contact
with water or on metal surface -Do not use
and AED and/or electrode pads designed for adult
victims on an infant or a child under age 8 or
weighing less than 55 pounds
Safety Precautions When Using an AED
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Safety Precautions When Using an AED

• (continued)
• Do not use an AED on a victim wearing a
  nitroglycerin patch or other patch on the chest.
• Do not use a mobile phone or conduct radio
  transmission within 6 feet of the AED.
• Do not place the pads directly over a pacemaker
  or other implanted device.

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AED Child

• Use on children 1-8 and lt55s
• Use only if AED has child pads
• Place pads in same place as adult but if they are
  very small, place one on lower, left chest and
  one in middle of their back.
• Follow AED prompts

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AED Steps

• Request an AED during Check-Call-Care
• Continue with care as needed until AED arrives
• If victim has no pulse and the AED is needed,
  continue CPR until someone opens the AED and
  TURNS IT ON
• Follow the prompts from the AED
• If you are alone, your first step once you find
  an AED is to TURN IT ON. It will prompt you
• It will analyze and shock up to three times then
  prompt you to check for signs of circulation,
  LLF, check pulse, give 2 slow breaths and give
  CPR for one minute if no pulse, the AED will
  count the time for you and prompt you to give
  another shock if needed.