Title: Regulating Business Continuity
1Regulating Business Continuity
- Al Berman
- DRI International
2Post-9/11
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 HIPAA, Final Security
Rule FFIEC BCP Handbook -2003/ 2008 Fair Credit
Reporting Act NASD Rule 3510 NERC Security
Guidelines FERC Security Standards NAIC Standard
on BCP NIST Contingency Planning
Guide FRB-OCC-SEC Guidelines for Strengthening
the Resilience of US Financial System NYSE Rule
446 California SB 1386 Australia Standards BCM
Handbook GAO Potential Terrorist Attacks
Guideline Federal and Legislative BC
Requirements for IRS Basel Capital Accord MAS
Proposed BCP Guidelines (Singapore) NFA
Compliance Rule 2-38 FSA Handbook (UK) BCI
Standard, PAS 56 (UK) Civil Contingencies Bill
(UK)
FPC 65 NYS Circular Letter 7 ASIS State of NY
FIRM White Paper on CP NISCC Good Practices
(Telecomm) Australian Prudential Standard on
BCM HB221 HB292 BS25999 SS507 TR19 CA
Z1600 ISO/PAS 22399
Pre-9/11
Consumer Credit Protection Act OMB Circular
A-130 FEMA Guidance Document Paperwork Reduction
Act ISO 27002 (Previously ISO17799) FFIEC BCP
Handbook Computer Security Act 12 CFR Part
18 Presidential Decision Directive 67 FDA
Guidance on Computerized Systems used in
Clinical Trials ANSI/NFPA Standard 1600 Turnbull
Report (UK) ANAO Best Practice Guide
(Australia) SEC Rule 17 a-4 FEMA FPC 65 CAR
DRII BCI
Title IX 110-53
1991 - 2001
2002 ---------------------------------------------
----------2008
3BCP Standards for Financial Institutions
- Federal Financial Institutions Examination
Council (FFIEC) BCP Handbook
- Business continuity planning is about
maintaining, resuming, and recovering the
business, not just the recovery of the
technology. - The planning process should be conducted on an
enterprise-wide basis. - A thorough business impact analysis and risk
assessment are the foundation of an effective
BCP. - The effectiveness of a BCP can only be validated
through testing or practical application. - The BCP and test results should be subjected to
an independent audit and reviewed by the board of
directors. - A BCP should be periodically updated to reflect
and respond to changes in the financial
institution or its service provider(s).
not just the recovery of the technology
4BCP Standards for Financial Institutions
- NASD Rule 3510
- Rule 3510 will require a business continuity plan
that addresses, at a minimum - Data back-up and recovery (hard copy and
electronic) - Mission critical systems
- Financial and operational assessments
- Alternate communications between customers and
the firm - Alternate communications between the firm and
its employees - Business constituent, bank and counter-party
impact - Regulatory reporting
- Communications with regulators
5BCP Standards for Financial Institutions
- NYSE Rule 446
- National Association of Insurance Commissioners
(NAIC) - National Futures Association Compliance Rule 2-38
- (a) Members and member organizations must develop
and maintain a written business continuity and
contingency plan establishing procedures to be
followed in the event of an emergency or
significant business disruption. Members and
member organizations must make such plan
available to the Exchange upon request. - (b) Members and member organizations must conduct
a yearly review of their business continuity and
contingency plan to determine whether any
modifications are necessary in light of changes
to the member's or member organization's
operations, structure, business or location.
(a) Each Member must establish and maintain a
written business continuity and disaster recovery
plan that outlines procedures to be followed in
the event of an emergency or significant business
disruption. The plan shall be reasonably designed
to enable the Member to continue operating, to
reestablish operations, or to transfer its
business to another Member with minimal
disruption to its customers, other Members, and
the commodity futures markets.
6BCP Standards for Financial Institutions
- Electronic Funds Transfer Act - held that banks
were liable for actual damages caused by failing
to transfer funds in a timely fashion. This
required the establishment of contingency plans
to meet the standard of reasonable standard of
care (the care that a reasonable man would
exercise under the circumstances the standard
for determining legal duty.) - Basel Committees Capital Accords and Sound
Practices for the Management and Supervision of
Operational Risk - Banks should have in place
contingency and business continuity plans to
ensure
their ability to operate on an ongoing basis and
limit losses in the event of severe business
disruption. Seventh Principle in Sound
Practices for Management and Supervision of
Operational Risk - Reserve Bank of India - Operational Risk
Management - Business Continuity Planning -
Business Continuity planning is a key
pre-requisite for minimising the adverse effects
of one of the important areas of operational risk
business disruption and system failures.
7BCP Standards for Insurance Companies
- NYS Circular Letter 7
- Board of Directors support
- Training and education
- Scenario based and operational plans
- Testing and communications plans
- Annual updates and changes submitted to the
Department, starting on June 1, 2005
8NOT JUST IT
- United States
- FFIEC March 2008
- Business continuity planning is about
maintaining, resuming, and recovering the
business, not just the recovery of the
technology. The planning process should be
conducted on an enterprise-wide basis.
9NOT JUST IT
- Singapore
- Monetary Authority of Singapore June 2003
- Business Continuity Management (BCM) is an
over-arching framework that aims to minimise the
impact to businesses due to operational
disruptions. It not only addresses the
restoration of information technology (IT)
infrastructure, but also focuses on the rapid
recovery and resumption of critical business
functions for the fulfilment of business
obligations.
10NOT JUST IT
- Australia
- Australian Prudential Standard April 2005
- Business continuity management (BCM) describes
- a whole of business approach to ensure critical
business functions can be maintained, or restored
in a timely fashion
11Not Just IT
- FFIEC March 2008
- Business continuity planning is about
maintaining, resuming, and recovering the
business, not just the recovery of the
technology. The planning process should be
conducted on an enterprise-wide basis. - Australian Prudential Standard April 2005
- Business continuity management (BCM) describes
a whole of business approach to ensure critical
business functions can be maintained, or restored
in a timely fashion - Monetary Authority of Singapore June 2003
- Business Continuity Management (BCM) is an
over-arching framework that aims to minimise the
impact to businesses due to operational
disruptions. It not only addresses the
restoration of information technology (IT)
infrastructure, but also focuses on the rapid
recovery and resumption of critical business
functions for the fulfillment of business
obligations.
12BCP Standards for the Healthcare/Life Science
Industries
- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act of 1996 (HIPAA), Final Security Rule
- 7. Contingency Plan ( 164.308(a)(7)(i))
- We proposed that a contingency plan must be in
effect for responding to system emergencies. The
plan would include an applications and data
criticality analysis, a data backup plan, a
disaster recovery plan, an emergency mode
operation plan, and testing and revision
procedures. - In this final rule, we make the implementation
specifications for testing and revision
procedures and an applications and data
criticality analysis addressable, but otherwise
require that the contingency features proposed be
met.
13HIPAA BCP REQUIREMENTS
- State privacy laws are NOT preempted by federal
privacy rules, unless there is a direct conflict - If state law is more stringent, or covers an
area not covered by federal rules, state law
controls
Is it enough ????
14HIPAA - Impact of State Laws
- State privacy laws are NOT preempted by federal
privacy rules, unless there is a direct conflict - If state law is more stringent, or covers an
area not covered by federal rules, state law
controls
15BCP Standards for the Healthcare/Life Science
Industries
Manufacturing Laboratory Clinical
- FDAs GxP Good Practices
- FDA Guidance on Computerized Systems in Clinical
Trials
IX. SYSTEM CONTROLS B. Contingency Plans Written
procedures should describe contingency plans for
continuing the study by alternate means in the
event of failure of the computerized system. C.
Backup and Recovery of Electronic Records Backup
and recovery procedures should be clearly
outlined in the SOPs and be sufficient to protect
against data loss. Records should be backed up
regularly in a way that would prevent a
catastrophic loss and ensure the quality and
integrity of the data.
16BCP Standards for the Energy Industry
- Federal Electric Reliability Councils (FERC)
Security Standards for Electric Market
Participants, July 2002 (draft) - North American Electric Reliability Councils
(NERC) Security Guidelines for the Electricity
Sector, June 2002
Business Continuity Every participant operating
a critical electric resource shall have
contingency plans that define roles,
responsibilities and actions for protecting the
rest of the electric grid and market from the
failure of its own critical resources. Those
plans should further define the roles,
responsibilities and actions needed to quickly
recover or reestablish electric grid and market
functions, processes and systems, in the event
that a critical physical or cyber resource fails
or suffers harm or attack. Such plans shall be
tested or exercised regularly.
- Continuity of Business Processes
- Reduces the likelihood of prolonged interruptions
and enhances prompt resumption of operations when
interruptions occur. Consider flexible plans that
address key areas such as telecommunications,
information technology, customer service centers,
facilities security, operations, generation,
power delivery, customer remittance and payroll
processes. It is useful to revise and test plans
on a regular basis. It also is advisable to train
personnel so they fully understand their roles
with respect to the plans.
17Cross-Industry BCP Standards
- Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
SEC. 404. MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT OF INTERNAL
CONTROLS. (a) RULES REQUIRED.The Commission
shall prescribe rules requiring each annual
report required by section 13(a) or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or
78o(d)) to contain an internal control report,
which shall (1) state the responsibility of
management for establishing and maintaining an
adequate internal control structure and
procedures for financial reporting and (2)
contain an assessment, as of the end of the most
recent fiscal year of the issuer, of the
effectiveness of the internal control structure
and procedures of the issuer for financial
reporting. (b) INTERNAL CONTROL EVALUATION AND
REPORTING.With respect to the internal control
assessment required by subsection (a), each
registered public accounting firm that prepares
or issues the audit report for the issuer shall
attest to, and report on, the assessment made by
the management of the issuer. An attestation made
under this subsection shall be made in accordance
with standards for attestation engagements issued
or adopted by the Board. Any such attestation
shall not be the subject of a separate engagement.
IS THERE BCP IN SARBANES-OXLEY????
18Is There BCP in Sarbanes-Oxley?
- PCAOB (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board)
NO Furthermore, management's plans that could
potentially affect financial reporting in future
periods are not controls. For example, a
company's business continuity or contingency
planning has no effect on the company's current
abilities to initiate, authorize, record,
process, or report financial data.
Therefore, a company's business continuity or
contingency planning is not part of internal
control over financial reporting."
19Is There BCP in Sarbanes-Oxley?
YES
20Municipal Governments
- Therefore, I have ordered the Department of
Homeland Security to undertake an immediate
review, in cooperation with local counterparts,
of emergency plans in every major city in
America. - President Bush 9/15/05
21Municipal Governments
- Continuity of Operations (COOP)
- Continuity of Government (COG)
- FEMA Federal Preparedness Circular (FPC) 65
- Originally Issued June 1999 James Lee Witt
- Revised June 2004 Michael Brown
22Rating COOP Compliance FEMA 65 Crosswalk
23Are They A Client?
- FFIEC Appendix E - Interdependencies
- THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS, KEY SUPPLIERS, AND
BUSINESS PARTNERS - outsourcing information, transaction processing,
and settlement activities - Institutions should review and understand service
providers' BCPs and ensure critical services can
be restored within acceptable timeframes based
upon the needs of the institution - - If possible the institution should consider
participating in their providers testing
process.
HOW FAR DOES THIS EXTEND?????
24Are They A Client?
- HIPAA Business Associate (aka Chain of Trust)
- the business associate must--(1) implement
safeguards that - reasonably and appropriately protect the
confidentiality, - integrity, and availability of the electronic
protected health - information that it creates, receives,
maintains, or transmits on - behalf of the covered entity (2) ensure that
any agent, including - a subcontractor, to whom it provides this
information agrees to - implement reasonable and appropriate safeguards
25Singapore The Model for the Future?
- Standard for Business Continuity / Disaster
Recovery Service Providers (SS507) - Singapore is
the first country in the world to introduce a
Standard and Certification program for BC/DR
service providers. Developed by the Infocomm
Development Authority of Singapore and the IT
Standards Committee (ITSC), the Standard
specifies the stringent requirements for BC/DR
service providers. These requirements benchmark
against the top practices in the region and
stipulate the operating, monitoring and
up-keeping of BC/DR services offered. - TR19 Technical Reference 19 - aims to help
Singapore based enterprises build competence,
capacity, resilience and readiness to respond to
and recover from events that threaten to disrupt
normal business operations. - PROPOSED BUSINESS CONTINUITY MANAGEMENT
REQUIREMENTS FOR SGX MEMBERS May 2008
26China Japan
- Chinese Business Continuity Management Committee
(CBCM) - Setting Standards for Chinese
- Emergency Response
- Business Continuity
- Still IT Centric (Committee exists under
technology directorate) - Will Greatly Influence its Business Partners
- Japanese Continuity Management Planning
Organization. (CMPO) - Business Continuity Advancement Organization.
(BCAO)
27Standards
- Uniform Commercial Code
- Preparing for foreseeable business disruption
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) - Contingency Planning Guide for Information
Technology Systems - IT Governance Institute Standards COBIT
- Control objectives for information and related
technology
28ISO Standards and Business Continuity
- ISO/TS 16949 - Applicable to any supplier to
automotive original equipment manufacturer - ISO 27002 (Previously Designated (ISO17799) -
Deals with Information Security - ISO 9001, Quality Management - Record Retention
and Data Availability - ISO 14001, Environmental Mgt - Emergency
Preparedness and Response - ISO/PAS 22399 Societal Security - Guideline for
incident preparednessand operational continuity
management
Section 6.3.2. Contingency Plans The
organization shall prepare contingency plans to
satisfy customer requirements in the event of an
emergency such as a utility interruptions, labor
shortages, key equipment failure, and field
returns.
- 11 BUSINESS CONTINUITY MANAGEMENT
- 11.1 ASPECTS OF BUSINESS CONTINUITY MANAGEMENT
- 11.1.1 Business continuity management process
- 11.1.2 Business continuity and impact analysis
- 11.1.3 Writing and implementing continuity plans
- 11.1.4 Business continuity planning framework
- 11.1.5 Testing, maintaining and re-assessing
business continuity plans
29Is It BCP?
- Business Continuity vs.Vital Records
- Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Make and keep
records and accounts, which, in reasonable
detail, accurately and fairly reflect the
transactions and dispositions of the assets. - SEC Rule 17a - Record Retention Requirements
- IRS Procedure 86-19 - Requires off-site
protection, as well as documentation of computer
records maintaining tax information. - European Union Privacy - Data Privacy
- Under the Safe Harbor, organizations that have
committed to cooperate and comply with the
European Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) - PATRIOT ACT, ACH RULES, G-L-B, AS/NZ 4390,
Records Management Standard, et. al.
30Legal Standards
- Liability of Corporations
- Liability of Corporate Executives
- Liability to Outside Parties
- Standard of Negligence
- Standard of Care
- Prudent Man Doctrine
- Exercise same care in managing company affairs as
in managing own affairs. - Informed Business Judgment v. Gross Negligence
31Case Law Legal Precedence
- Blake v. Woodford Bank Trust Co. (1977)
Foreseeable workload failure to prepare - Sun Cattle Company, Inc.vs. Miners Bank (1974)
Computer System Failure Foreseeable Computer
Failure - Uniform Commercial Code Preparing for
foreseeable business disruption
32Meeting the Standards
- US v. Carroll Towing Co. (1947)
- 1. Probability of Harm (P) the chance that a
damaging event will occur - 2. Magnitude of Harm (M) the amount of financial
damage that would occur should a disaster happen - 3. Cost of Prevention (C) the price of putting
in place a means of preventing the disasters
effects - P M C
33Negligent Failure To Plan/Prepare Liability
Pandemics
- 2003 Canadian Nurses who contracted SARS file
suit stating that the Government was Negligent in
not preparing for the second wave of the disease
after the first wave was identified. - Munich Re
- American Bar Association
34BS25999
- Part 1 is an extension of PAS56
- Guidance
- Prescriptive
- Not Performance Based
- Part 2
- Certification Body
- Specification
- Auditable
- Create Ability to Demonstrate Compliance
- Stage 1 Audit Initial Assessment Desktop
Review - Successful Completion Required Before Moving To
Stage 2 - Stage 2 -Conformance Audit - Certification Audit
- Demonstrate Implementation
- Failure Requires Corrective Action Plan Which
Must be Agreed Upon - Completion of Stage 1 2 Allows for Application
to BS 25999 Certification Manager for
Certification - Surveillance Audits
- (To be fair, British standard BS25999 introduced
"Maximum Tolerable Period of Disruption" (MTPD),
another mind-bender destined for the verbal scrap
heap, as well.)
35PUBLIC LAW 110-53 IMPLEMENTING RECOMMENDATIONS
OF THE 9/11 COMMISSION ACT OF 2007 TITLE IX
36The Holy Grail or SOX for Business Continuity
- The Program Was Called For In Title IX Of "The
Implementing The 9/11 Commission Recommendations
Act Of 2007 (Public Law 110-53) Which Addresses
A Diversity Of Other National Security Issues As
Well. It Was Signed Into Law By The President On
August 3, 2007. - Intent To Implement The Findings Of The 9/11
Commission - NFPA 1600 Was Recommendation Of Commission For
Standard - DRIIs Professional Practices Are The Basis For
BCP In NFPA 1600 - Will It Become A Standard????
- Voluntary
- Non-punitive
- Unsuccessful Attempts By Federal Government To
Address Private Sector BCM - Overcome Investments By Private Sector
- Strain On Small And Medium Sized Businesses In
Supply Chain
37Title IX 110-53
a. Goal of the new program is to provide a
method to independently certify the emergency
preparedness of private sector organizations,
including their disaster / emergency management
and business continuity programs. The program
focuses on certifying the preparedness of
businesses and other private sector entities, and
does not involve any individual professional
certification. b. The program will be
voluntary.c. Key stakeholders are invited to
participate in the development of the program.
Consultation with a variety of organizations and
various sectors is required by the legislation.
Program development will likely include
involvement by a diversity of private sector
advisory groups and others.d. The program will
be administered outside of government by 3rd
party organizations with experience / expertise
in managing and implementing voluntary
accreditation and certification programs.e. One
or more preparedness standards can be
designated. NFPA 1600 is reference by
example.f. Existing industry efforts,
certifications and reporting in this area will
not be duplicated or displaced, but rather
recognized and integrated.g. Special
consideration will be made for small
business.h. Proprietary and confidential
information is to be protected.
38Defining The Standard
- Process Used By Sloan Interdisciplinary Team
- Representatives of
- ASIS, DRI International, NFPA, RIMS
- Review Existing Regulations
- FFIEC, NYSE, SEC, NASD
- NERC
- HIPAA
- Provide Credit for Work Already Done
- Reduce Start From Scratch Opposition
- Create Core Elements for Standard
Core elements are those basic components that,
when implemented within an organizations unique
governance and culture, provide the underlying
framework to enable the organization to sustain
itself in spite of a disruptive event (i.e., the
common set of criteria for preparedness,
disaster management, emergency management, and
business continuity programs...." called for
under the law.)
39Core Elements 13 Become 8
- Policy statement and management commitment -
Scope, program roles, responsibilities, and
resources - Risk identification, assessments and criticality
impact analyses, including legal and other
requirements - Prevention and Mitigation Evaluation and Planning
- Incident management (procedures and controls
before, during and after a disruption, including
emergency management of people, business
operations and technology) includes
communications - Recovery Planning - May be considered to include
rebuilding, repairing, and / or restoring - Awareness and training
- Exercises and testing
- Program revision and improvement
40Process Mapping
41Standards Crosswalk
- NFPA 16002007 Standard on Disaster/ Emergency
Management and Business Continuity Programs - CSA Z1600 Standard on Emergency Management and
Business Continuity Programs - DRI International Professional Practices for
Business Continuity Planners - BS 25999-2 2007 Business Continuity Management
Part 2 Specification - ASIS International - Organizational Resilience
Preparedness and Continuity Management - Best
Practices Standard Probably Become Part of
ISO/PAS 22399 - TR192005 Technical Reference for Business
Continuity Management (BCM) includes TS507 - ISO/PAS 223992007 Societal Security Guidelines
for Incident Preparedness and Operational
Continuity Management
42Flexibility Within A Framework
- Existing Industry Efforts
- Regulations
- FFIEC NYSE SEC HIPAA NERC
- Standards
- ISO, ANSI, BSI
NOT Sarbanes-Oxley
43Results
44Process For Implementation of Title IX
- 1. DHS will designate one or more organizations
to act as the accrediting body, and oversee the
certification process, and to accredit qualified
third parties to carry out the certification
program. - 2. DHS will separately designate one or more
standards for assessingprivate sector
preparedness. - 3. DHS will provide information and promote the
business case forvoluntary compliance with
preparedness standards. - 4. DHS will monitor the effectiveness program on
an on-going basis.
45Process For Implementation of Title IX
- Appointment by DHS of Designated Officer October
1, 2007 - Ashley Moore FEMA
- Enter into Agreement for standard February 28,
2008
Marcus Pollack- FEMA
46DHS Selects ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board
To Support Voluntary Private Sector Preparedness
Certification Program Release Date July 30,
2008 Release Number HQ-08-148 WASHINGTON, D.C.
-- The Department of Homeland Security announced
today that it has signed an agreement with the
ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board (ANAB) to
establish and oversee the development and
implementation of the accreditation and
certification requirements for the Voluntary
Private Sector Preparedness Accreditation and
Certification Program. This program is directed
by Public Law 110-53, Implementing the
Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of
2007, requiring the department to establish a
common set of criteria for private sector
preparedness in disaster management, emergency
management and business continuity. Under Title
IX of the Act, the department is charged with a
number of core tasks to establish the voluntary
program, to include the designation of an
organization to act as an accrediting body. In
this role, ANAB will be responsible for
overseeing the certification process, managing
the accreditation, and accrediting qualified
third parties to carry out certifications of
private sector entities. ANAB was selected based
on its experience and expertise in managing and
implementing accreditation programs. As required
by the Act, Homeland Security Secretary Michael
Chertoff previously designated an officer within
the department to be responsible for the
accreditation and certification program. R.
David Paulison, Administrator of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency, serves as the
designated officer and will chair an internal
Private Sector Preparedness Council comprised of
department leadership from the Science
Technology Directorate, Private Sector Office and
the Office of Infrastructure Protection. The
Private Sector Preparedness Council will focus on
the remaining requirements of the Act. This
includes selecting program standards, defining
and promoting the business case for private
sector entities to work toward voluntary
certification, overseeing the program's progress,
and providing regular updates to Congress.
Learn more at www.fema.gov/privatesectorpreparedn
ess
47Gaining Accreditation
48Implications
- Certification
- Benefit To Passing Certification
- If You Cant Pass Dont Start
- Legal
- Litigation Standard
- Voluntary Negligence
- No Teeth
- Non-Punitive
Will it meet customer requirements
49What We Know Right Now
- Title IX of PL 110-53 is an unfunded effort,
there are no tangible rewards e.g., tax
reductions in the form of deductions or tax
credits to use as an incentive. While there are
ongoing efforts to provide some insurance relief
for business continuity planning, at this time no
such incentives are available Sloan Foundation
Report - FEMA has been designated to lead the effort
- ANSI will oversee the certification process
- Manage Accreditation
- Accredit third parties to carry out certification
- Collaborate to develop procedures and
requirements for certification and accreditation
50Now For The Misinformation
Although voluntary right now, these standards
could soon be federal mandates for all private
industry. - Not To Be Named Consulting Firm in
advertising for their webinar
Will share their best practices to meet the new
"national preparedness standard" known as NFPA
1600 Not To Be Named Consulting Firm
- This voluntary program offers a number of
potential benefits to the certified organization,
including - Possible insurance premium advantages
- Enhanced credit ratings
- Competitive differentiation - Not To Be Named
Consulting Firm
51Assessing The Business Continuity Process
- DRII Evaluates Planning Process, Implementation
and Testing Across The 10 Professional Practices
MAPS TO CORE ELEMENTS - Includes Subcategories
- Ability To Weight Each Category
- Utilizes The Same Scoring As It Does For
Certifying Professionals - Questions Require a Yes Or No
- Recommendations Are Provided When a No Answer
Is Provided - May Be Customized For Industry, Country Or
Regulatory Considerations - Will Contribute To a Worldwide Database
52Q A
Statements concerning legal matters should be
understood to be general observations based
solely on our experience as risk consultants and
should not be relied upon as legal advice, which
we are not authorized to provide. All such
matters should be reviewed with your own
qualified legal advisors in these areas