Chapter 16 Study Guide

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Chapter 16 Study Guide

• The Respiratory System

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1. Microorganisms that are removed by mucus are
destroyed by the

• Stomach

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2. How can you change the pitch of the sound in
the vocal cords?

• Contracting and relaxing the muscles alter
  tension on vocal cords controlling the pitch.
• The more tension, the higher the pitch of the
  sound.

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3. What causes altitude sickness?

• When your body does not get enough oxygen at high
  altitudes

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4. What is a deviated septum?

• When the septum dividing the nostils bends to one
  side

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5. The area located behind the oral cavity and
between the nasal cavity and the larynx is the

• Pharynx

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6. What happens when the diaphragm is lowered?

• Your lungs inflate

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7. What is the function of the hyaline cartilage
of the trachea?

• To prevent the trachea from collapsing

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8. What protein combines with oxygen in the blood
(for transport)?

• Hemoglobin

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9. What is the function of the nasal conchae?

• Support mucous membranes/increase surface area

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10. What is the triangular slit that opens and
closes during talking called?

• Glottis

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11. Where is the respiratory center located?

• In the medulla and the pons

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12. What structure resembles a bunch of grapes?

• Alveoli

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13. What is the function of the mucus membrane
that lines the nasal cavities?

• Adjusts air temperature
• Entraps dust and other small particles entering
  with the air

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14. The amount of air that enters and leaves the
lungs during a normal respiratory cycle is the

• Tidal Volume

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15. What is the main force for pushing air out of
the lungs?

• Elastic recoil
• The diaphragm

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16. Which bone of the skull does NOT have a sinus?

• Zygomatic (Cheek Bone)

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17. What is the Adams Apple?

• Largest band of cartilage surrounding the larynx

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18. What part of the respiratory center is
responsible for maintaining breathing patterns?

• The Medulla

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19. Oxygen travels from the pharynx to the ____
to the _____ and finally to the ___ where oxygen
is exchanged with the bloodstream.

• Larynx
• Trachea
• Lungs

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20. Why is the first breath of a newborn the most
difficult?

• The alveoli are only half inflated
• A newborn must use 20 times the energy to take
  its first breath!!

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21. How many lobes are in the right lung? The
left lung?

• Right lung 3 lobes
• Left lung 2 lobes

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22. What happens to your respiration rate with
the level of CO2 rises?

• Increased breathing for a short time

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23. What tool would be used to measure vital
capacity?

• Spirometer

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24. What is hypoxia?

• Oxygen deficiency

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25. The respiratory membrane (at the alveoli) is
made of what type of cells?

• Epithelial cells

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26. What is the function(s) of the respiratory
system?

• Obtaining oxygen and removing carbon dioxide

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27. Name the organs of

• Upper Respiratory Tract nose, nasal cavity,
  paranasal sinuses, pharynx
• Lower Respiratory Tract larynx, trachea,
  bronchial tree, lungs

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28. In what body cavity are the lungs located?

• Thoracic Cavity

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29. The taking in of air is called

• Ventilation (inhalation)

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30. What structure prevents food from entering
the airway during swallowing?

• Epiglottis

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31. What fluid lubricates the lungs?

• Serous fluid

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32. Where does the trachea lie in relation to the
esophagus?

• Trachea lies in front of the esophagus

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33. What is the main vessel that sends
deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?

• Pulmonary Artery

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34. Name a genetic disorder that affects the
respiratory system

• Cystic Fibrosis

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35. Is breathing a voluntary or involuntary act?

• Involuntary

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36. What is internal respiration? External
respiration?

• Internal respiration gas exchange between blood
  and cells
• External respiration gas exchange between blood
  and air in lungs

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37. How does oxygen enter blood capillaries?

• Diffusion through alveoli

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38. 50. Be able to label all the structures in
this figure. This exact figure will be on the
test.