Non-Linear Materials Silicon Germanium III-V & II-VI

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Analog-Faster-Cheaper-BetterAn Optical Signal
Processing View

• Terry Turpin
• Chief Scientist Essex Corporation
• Turpin_at_essexcorp.com

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Facts

• The The Universe is analog
• Human technology is still mostly analog
• (did you ever see a digital bicycle)
• Digital has dominated the information processing
  and communications world for more than three
  decades
• Analog processing has been ignored by educational
  institutions
• There are at least two generations of scientists
  and engineers that have never learned analog
  processing or communications technology
• Analog optical processing in the past as been a
  small but persistent exception
• Optical communications and analog optical
  processing are merging the same way that digital
  processing and digital communications did in the
  past

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Processing Overload
World of Analog Signals
Spread Spectrum Fiber Optic Microwave Land Lines
A to D
Digital Stream
Radio 3,488 Tbs Television 68,955 Tbs Telephone
17,300,000 Tbs Internet 532,897 Tbs
17,905,340 Tbs!! (2002 Data!)
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So much information so little
time to process itProcessing power is the key to
superiority in a world market
The Information Superiority Problem
Summary of electronic information flows of new
information in 2002 in terabytes 17.7 exabytes
each year, and growing
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Era of Tera
a Digital Perspective
Pat Gelsinger, CTO Intel (Keynote address at
Intel Developer Forum Feb 2004)
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Digital Dilemma over Power
Power density is increasing at a rate that
implies that tens of thousands of watts per
centimeter (w/cm2) will be needed to scale the
performance of Pentium processor architecture
over the next several years. But that would
produce more heat than the surface of the Sun
Pat Gelsinger, CTO Intel (Keynote address at
Intel Developer Forum Feb 2004)
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Begins the Age of Optical

Optical Processors
Analog Optical Processors excel at - Images -
Signals - Correlations
Pat Gelsinger, CTO Intel (Keynote address at
Intel Developer Forum Feb 2004)
References to Optical Processors added by Essex
Corp.
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Analog Optical Processing Overview
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An Unclassified Success in Size, Weight and Power

• Acousto-Optic Spectrometer AOS launched late 1998
  on SWAS for a 2 year mission
• 4 channel 1400 point Fourier transform in real
  time on a 1.4 GHz analog signal
• Compute power is 500 Gigaflops (Sustained) for 12
  Watts electrical power
• Analog input eliminated the need for high speed
  A/D converters
• Mission to study the chemical composition of
  interstellar clouds
• SWAS would be impossible without the AOS optical
  computer

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Optical Processor/Computer?
a machine that performs mathematical functions
with light rather than electrons

• Functions most frequently used
• Fourier Transform
• (demultiplexing/multiplexing)
• Correlation (pattern detection)
• Data distribution and replication

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Why go to Analog Optical Processors?
Advantages

• Speed
• Reduced size and power consumption
• OEO Overhead Cost are Excessive
• (optical - electrical - optical)
• Natural Fit Optical Processing for
• - Optical Communications
• - Images
• - Signals
• - Correlations
• Typical improvement is a factor of 50000

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Information on Light

• Information is carried by the complex-valued
  property of light (spatial frequency, amplitude
  and phase)
• When an information-carrying beam is passed
  through a special lens or coating, or interfered
  with another reference beam, light performs
  mathematical functions

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Massive Parallelism

• Operates simultaneously on an entire wave front
  and more than one variable e.g., direction,
  amplitude and phase
• Digital systems are serial in nature
• Example A lens simultaneously acts on the entire
  light beam

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Computational Set

• Analog optics can perform mathematical functions
• add
• copy
• multiply
• Fourier transforms
• correlation
• convolution
• Operates on one- and two-dimensional arrays of
  numbers in parallel
• A single analog optical computer instruction
  might require thousands or millions of individual
  instructions for a conventional computer

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Analog Optical Computing
Combines the best of both worlds precision of
electronics with massive computational power of
light.
Smaller, Lower Power, Lighter Computers
Optical Computational Module
12 inches square
Vs.

• Supercomputer power where it cant go now.
• Head of a missile
• UAV
• Mobile ICBM Defenders
• Satellites

Many Parallel Electronic Processors
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Cutting Edge Elements

• Materials
• Photonic Crystals
• Non-Linear Materials
• Silicon Germanium
• III-V II-VI Materials Systems

New Components

• VCELS
• Optical Fiber
• Optical Amplifiers
• SOA
• EDFA
• Optical Correlators
• Optical Signal Processors

• Technology
• Photon Echo
• Optical Tap Delay
• Solotons

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Example Analog Optical Encryption

• Digital Encryption
• ATM at 10Gbps soon
• No 40 Gbps on horizon
• Protocol specific
• Cost increases linearly with number of signals on
  a fiber
• Analog Encryption
• 5000 Gbps on horizon (ESSEX Eclipse Module)
• Potential for multi-band encryption (L,C, and S)
• Protocol agnostic
• Cost is market driven and grows slowly with
  capacity on a fiber
• 100 Teraflops for less than 10 Watts of
  electrical power

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Hyperfine Analog Optical Encryptor
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How Does it Work?
Input
Transmitted
Scrambled Photons
Recovered
Simulated Data
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Terabit Security Cost Perspective




Assumes that aggregate bandwidths above 10 Gbps
will be encrypted using multiple 10 Gbps
encryptor pairs 1 pair per wavelength
Estimated costs are based on a multiplexed
optical signal with aggregate bandwidth as
indicated, and single optical encryptor pair per
optical link
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Additional Advantages

• Analog optical processing provides an alternate
  approach to thinking about problems
• This alternate approach often leads to solutions
  that are radically different and sometimes better
• For example, to implement continuous scale change
  and Fourier transforms on data that has not been
  sampled or digitized
• Enable solutions to problems that are thought to
  be too complex to solve economically
• In supercomputing applications the improvement is
  about a factor of 50000

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Summary

• Analog is faster, cheaper and better
• Examples are
• Separating signal channels in frequency
• Optical Encryption
• Optical Communications
• Optical Signal Processing
• Analog is a key technology
• Analog optical technology will force analog
  electronics because of the A/D conversion
  limitation
• In optical communications, analog encryption and
  wavelength routing will provide growth at low
  cost per terabit