Daniel Cattle

1
PLANT CLONING

• Daniel Cattle
• Thomas McCreanor
• Lawrence Mago

2
- Survival in Different Environments (Characteris
tics in the plant)
- Colour, Shape and Size
- Particular plants/ crops will taste better if
the food is cloned (eg, carrots, potatoes, etc)
- Nutritional Benefits
- Plant itself is stronger
- Less water and sun is needed for growth
- Greater supply of Plants
- Faster growth of plants
- Longer Lifespan of the plant
- Appearance of the plant
PLANT CLONING
- Plant Growth in Non-seasonal environments
(Winter)
- Some plants are made pest resistant and don't
attract any animals
- Requires less maintenance to help the plant
grow
- Cross-breeding/ making new plants with
genetics from other plants
- Provides for future generations
3
What is the Cloning of Plants

• The Cloning of Plants is a concept not new to the
  modern world. This concept involves part of a
  donor plant growing into a new plant.
• The part of the donor plant goes into treatment
  while chemicals, gels, liquids and other growth
  remedies are placed onto the plant part so it is
  able to grow
• Since the 20th century scientists and garden
  experts have realised the benefits which come
  with plant cloning
• Today Cloned plants and the Cloning of plants is
  very common mainly for the fact that there is a
  greater supply of these plants to be used at
  homes, gardens, the environment and pretty much
  everywhere around us

Cloned plants can look exactly identical to
natural plants
4
History of Cloning of Plants

• The Natural process of the Cloning of plants goes
  back a long time, around the beginning of time
• From billions of years ago plants have been
  making identical copies of themselves through the
  cloning process
• Nearly all forests, parks and land areas contain
  billions of cloned plants, trees and agriculture
  but all these cloned plants are genetically
  identical to the parent plant.
• People have been cloning plants for thousands of
  years but it has only been since the 20th century
  that scientists have realised the benefits they
  have on society.
• Simple plants and foods have been cloned, for
  example in 1964 a carrot was cloned by F.C
  Steward
• Ever since then cloned plants have been cloned
  for supply, scientific research, money and
  especially the environment

Asian Carrots
5
The Plant Cloning Process

• As with all growing plants, the cloning process
  doesnt occur overnight like in the movies.
• Most human plant cloning is done by either
  scientists or professional gardeners
• But if you are really interested in cloning
  plants, you can clone them yourself but you would
  need the right equipment and a lot of patience.
  Many of us dont really want to do that
• The Steps in the Plant Cloning Process are
• Small amounts of tissues or cells are taken from
  a plant.
• The cells are then transferred to plates filled
  with sterile nutrient agar jelly.
• Auxins are then added to prepare all the cells
  for the process of mitosis.
• Small masses of tissue grow at a fast rate.
• Growth hormones are then added to prepare the
  long process of root and stem growth.
• The tiny plantlets are then put into potting
  trays where they develop into adult plant.
• REFER TO DIAGRAMS

Step by Step Plant Cloning Process
6
Uses of Plant Cloning in the Modern World

• Plant Cloning has evolved at a fast rate over the
  past few decades. Scientists and researchers have
  discovered ways that Plant Cloning can benefit
  the world and its environment. Also the society
  and its citizens have taken plant cloning into
  consideration and have devised ways on how it can
  benefit their lives and the way we live. Some of
  the main uses of plant cloning in the modern
  world are
• Producing more plants for the environment keeping
  it more safe and healthy, this inturn helping
  people have healthier lives.
• Producing more plants for general use
  (decorations, in houses, garden, pretty much
  everywhere)
• Growing a larger food supply for society and this
  can also benefit countries or areas affected with
  a low supply of food.
• Scientific research with genetics and cell
  structure

Scientific Plant Cloning and manipulation
7
The Science behind Plant Cloning

• You will need to take a parent plant with all of
  your desired characteristics and genetics. The
  plant should be at least 2 months old.
• The next thing you will need is a rooting
  hormone.
• Here is a list of rooting hormones which are
  good to make a wide range of plant types
• Dip-N-Grow
• Rootone-F
• Woods Rooting Compound
• Up-Start
• Hormodin
• Hormex
• Superthrive
• New clones are sensitive to light, and need
  some shade for their first few days, until they
  begin to form roots.
• Just spray the leaves to keep it away from
  dehydrating with water via a spray bottle 
• Also needed are a pair of sharp, sterile scissors
  to cut your clipping and remove excess foliage, a
  glass of fresh, tepid, water, a pencil or chop
  stick, and a container (filled with the planting
  mix of your choice) in which to transfer your new
  clone. With these materials you are now prepared
  to make your first clone plant.

Big nosed sun
Potting Mix
8
Advantages of Plant Cloning

• There is a wide range of Advantages to Plant
  Cloning benefiting all of our lives nearly
  everyday. They include
• Duplication can lead to more plants in the world
• A continuous supply of plants forever (some
  cloned plants are still alive from hundreds of
  years ago
• The cloning procedure (grafting) can make
  genetically different root and shoot systems to
  make a plant more better, stronger, longer
  lasting and have better qualities than the
  original
• Plants can be made to not be infected by diseases
  and viruses
• The Plant Cloning Process can be made faster
• The Plant Cloning Process is sometimes less
  expensive than crop growing
• The pollination of plants may not be needed on
  cloned plants
• Some seeds are difficult to obtain or germinate
  so cloning is a preferable alternative.
• Much more profit to the food industry and the
  plant industry

Crops can be made entirely from cloned plants
9
Disadvantages of Plant Cloning

• Cloned plants may have plenty of Advantages but
  they also have disadvantages which must be solved
  to make cloned plants the best. These
  disadvantages include
• That it is costly. the cause of this problem is
  that we don't yet fully understand how to clone
  plants, therefore when in the act of cloning,
  many problems and mistakes occur.
• Tends to eliminate diversity more exposure to
  natural phenomenons like disease. If a single
  disease harms one plant it will likely harm all
  the crop, because they are all identical. The
  effects of combination between altered plants and
  natural ones could be devastating to nature.
• Cloning crops alters genes therefore
  disadvantaging crops by- causing higher
  mutation rates- lower genetic variation
  (therefore less chance of survival)- they have
  equal susceptibility to diseases- can overtake
  other similar species and lead others to
  extinction

A cloned plant affected by a virus/ disease
10
Environmental Impact of Plant Cloning

• The environmental impact of plant cloning can be
  quite detrimental to natural cloned plants and to
  the human cloned plants because if the plant
  cloned has a disease or has a stem cell that is
  not right it will show up in every other crop and
  may carry infectious diseases which will kill
  healthy normal plants.
• Another reason why cloned plants have created an
  impact on the environment is that once a large
  supply of cloned plant has been made their
  genetic makeup is exactly the same and the
  problem with this is that there would be a
  diminishing number of unique plants with
  different characteristics.
• Cloned plants could spread at a rapid rate
  causing an epidemic (for example the cane toad
  spread in Queensland), this inturn can harm other
  plants and maybe even destroy them.
• Not only there are bad impacts on the environment
  but there are also good ones which include
• more supply of plants
• more agriculture and greener environments in
  specific areas
• better plants

Plants infected with a virus / disease
11
Controversy of Plant Cloning and Overall Cloning

• There is a lot of media attention around cloning
  especially with the catholic church.
• Cloning is such a new scientific experiment and
  it has been met with great opposition and biased
  opinions in government as well in society.
• The true affects of cloning plants like fruits
  and vegetables are still not fully known and will
  not be known for many more years until we find
  the long term affects in eating cloned plants.
• People have been against cloning but many might
  have not known that some of the fruits and
  vegetables that they have eaten were cloned like
  seedless grapes and watermelons.
• Has any one seen the movie Hitman, you need to
  think about a world with clones running around
  and assassinating political figures. This should
  not happen and if it was to happen both parties
  would use this for the wrong reasons.
• For now stem cell research remains in only a few
  countries hands, but once the knowledge is out
  there it becomes very easy to do and becomes more
  popular and people will stop questioning what is
  morally right and agree with what science says. 

12
Natural vs Cloned

• Natural Plants
• Ever since the beginning of time plants have been
  reproducing and creating new plants with
  different genetic makeups and characteristics.
• They have evolved over time and have changed in
  appearance and quality. They have grown
  naturally, have a normal lifespan, experience
  diseases and sicknesses, all need water and
  sunlight and most need care from people.
• Cloned Plants
• Billions of years ago plants began to clone
  themselves. A parent plant had a part of it
  broken off and grown into a new genetically
  identical plant. Now nearly 1 out of the 4 plants
  you see every day is a cloned plant from a tree
  to a flower.
• When humans create cloned plants it is a whole
  different thing. Now cloned plants can
• have longer life spans
• have better appearances
• be stronger and able to withstand various things
• be invulnerable to diseases and viruses
• have a larger supply
• As you can see cloned plants are a far better
  benefit to the modern world than natural plants
  with all their capabilities and advantages. Both
  have their advantages and disadvantages but as a
  group we believe that cloned plants are better
  solution but with some costs.

13
Bibliography

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Plant Cloning
  (2002) ONLINE, available from Internet May 18
• http//www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2002-02/10142
  54397.Bt.r.html
• Plant Cloning (2007) ONLINE, available from
  Internet May 18
• http//www.bghydro.com/bgh/static/articles/1205_cl
  oning.asp
• How Cloning Works (2008) ONLINE, available from
  Internet May 18
• http//www.howstuffworks.com/cloning1.htm
• Artificial Plant Cloning (2008) ONLINE,
  available from Internet May 18
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/biology/
  variationandinheritance/4cloningandgenengrev3.shtm
  l
• Plant Cloning (2001) ONLINE, available from
  Internet May 18
• http//www.saskschools.ca/stmarypa/bio30/plant_cl
  oning/
• Cloning Plants (2008) ONLINE, available from
  Internet May 18
• http//www.biotechnologyonline.gov.au/biotec/clone
  plant.cfm
• How do you clone a perfect plant? (2008)
  ONLINE, available from Internet May 18