Maya, Aztec and Inca Civilizations - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Maya, Aztec and Inca Civilizations

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Maya, Aztec and Inca Civilizations * * * * Essential Question What are the cultural achievements of the Ancient Maya? 0 1600 CE Aztecs 1100-1521 CE Maya 300-900 CE ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Maya, Aztec and Inca Civilizations


1
Maya, Aztec and Inca Civilizations
2
Essential Question
  • What are the cultural achievements of the
  • Ancient Maya?

3
(No Transcript)
4
Timeline
Incas 1200-1500 CE
1600 CE
0
Aztecs 1100-1521 CE
Maya 300-900 CE
5
The Mayas
  • What geographical features did the Mayan lands
    include?
  • Southern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula), Belize,
    Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras
  • Gulf of Mexico to Caribbean Sea
  • Rugged highlands/swamps

6
The Mayas
  • What did the Mayans look like?
  • Short with straight, black hair, painted bodies,
    tattoos, crossed eyes, flattened foreheads

7
The Mayas
  • Why did Mayas tie objects from their infants
    foreheads?
  • To encourage their eyes to cross
  • Why did some Mayas tie boards to their childrens
    heads?
  • To flatten their foreheads this was a sign of
    beauty in their culture

8
The Mayas
  • What did early Mayas eat?
  • They fished and they grew maize (corn), beans,
    squash, peppers, avocados, and papayas

9
The Mayan Eras
  • Pre-Classic 2,500BC to AD 250 fishing
    villages/learned to plant crops
  • Classic Era AD 250 AD 900 built cities,
    pyramid temples, developed advanced math and
    astronomy and writing
  • Post-Classic Era AD 900 1500 Mayas left
    their great cities and scattered through out
    countryside not sure why we will discuss
    possible reasons

10
The Maya - Tikal
  • Largest city - Tikal (in present day Guatemala)
    100,000 people

11
The Maya Copan
  • 2nd Largest city Copán (in present day
    Honduras)
  • The Great Staircase 30ft wide, 63 steps, picture
    writing covers each step

12
  • Chichen Itza Large observatory tower used by
    ancient astronomers and Well of Sacrifice

13
Mayan Writing
  • Borrowed a writing from Olmecs
  • Developed a system of writing using pictures
    (glyphs) and symbols

14
Mayan Books
  • Made paper by pounding fibers from bark of ficus
    tree into pulp and glued it together with tree
    sap
  • When the paper dried they coated it with white
    lime
  • A Mayan book is called a codex
  • Fiber paper/deer hide for covers
  • Why did the Spanish destroy Mayan books?
  • Why do you think they thought they were evil?

15
Mayan Math


7
3


10
-

-
7

18
11


-

-


0
5

3
12
10
-


0
7
2
9
-


16
Mayan Calendar
  • The Mayan priest used their knowledge of
    astronomy and math to develop two accurate
    calendars
  • One was sacred (religious), the other was for
    planning
  • The Mayan Calendar
  • solar year of 365 days.
  • divided into 18 months of 20 days each, followed
    by a five-day period that was highly unlucky.
  • Did the Mayans predicted that the world would
    end on December 21, 2012?

17
The Great Mystery of the Maya
  • Around AD 850/900 the Mayas suddenly left their
    cities and were scattered throughout the
    countryside Why??
  • Some theories for why they did this include
  • Natural Disasters earthquake, hurricane,
    drought
  • Disease
  • Crop failures/famine (no plow, did not develop
    new agriculture methods)
  • Peasant rebellion against the priests and nobles
    who ruled the cities
  • Invaders - Toltecs
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