BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1
BACKGROUND INFORMATION

• Over the years, athletic training has evolved
  into a specialization within sports medicine.
  Its major concern is the health and safety of
  athletes. In order to learn about the prevention
  and care of injuries, we first must learn the
  role of everyone on the sports medicine team.

2
FIRST AID AND ATHLETIC TRAINING (PETH 326)

3
Chapter 1The Athletic Trainer and The Sports
Medicine Team

• FIRST AID Is the immediate care or treatment
  that is given to an injured or ill person before
  professional medical aid can be obtained.
• ATHELETIC TRAINING An allied health profession
  that is concerned with the health and safety for
  athletes and the physically active.

4
Who is Physically Active?
Athletes? Blue Collar Workers? Recreational
Participants? Moms? Gas Station
Attendants? Insurance Sales Person? ETC.
5
ATHLETIC TRAINING

• Athletic Trainer a specialist in athletic
  training concerned with the complete health care
  of the athlete.

6
ATHLETIC TRAINING

• The athletic trainer provides a major link
  between athletics and the medical community.

7
ATHLETIC TRAINING

• The athletic trainer is responsible for injury
  prevention, emergency care, and rehabilitation of
  sports related injuries.

8
History and Background of Athletic Training

• Prior to NATA in 1950
• Greek and Roman Period
• Intercollegiate Sports
• First NATA in 1938-44
• WWII
• NATA formed in Kansas City in 1950
• Growth and Development Since 1950

9
SPORTS MEDICINE

• Definition A generic term used to describe a
  group of professions that assist in the health
  and performance of the athlete
• Areas of Specialization in Sports Medicine
• Medical disciplines
• Athletic training
• Physical therapy
• Exercise physiology
• Biomechanics
• etc.

10
Sports Medicine Organizations

• American College of Sports Medicine
• International Federation of Sports Med
• American Orthopedic Society for S. M.
• National Strength Conditioning Assoc.
• Sports Physical Therapy Section of APTA
• NCAA Comm. On Competitive Safeguards and Medical
  Aspects of Sports
• NATA

11
THE SPORTS MEDICINE TEAM

• Athletic Trainer most directly responsible for
  all phases of health care in an athletic
  environment.
• Team Physician directs the medical care of the
  athlete and the care given by the athletic
  trainer.
• Orthopedic Physician directs care of the
  musculoskeletal injuries.
• Other Physicians

12
THE SPORTS MEDICINE TEAM

• Coaches
• Biomechanists
• Exercise Physiologists
• Administrators (Athletic Director)
• EMTs Paramedics
• School Nurse
• Physical Therapist

13
THE SPORTS MEDICINE TEAM

• Nutritionist
• Psychologist
• Chiropractor
• Others
• All are responsible to work together to provide
  proper health care and a safe environment for the
  athlete.

14
Responsibilities of the Team Physician

• First, to serve as an advisor and director to the
  athletic trainer or coach.
• Physical exams and medical histories
• Diagnosing injuries and determining the health
  status of the athlete
• Deciding on return to play
• Attend practices and games
• Committed to sports and the athlete

15
Responsibilities of the Coach

• In the absence of an athletic trainer and team
  physician, the coach must assume the direct
  responsibility for the health of the athlete.

16
Responsibilities of the Coach

• Coaches must demonstrate a high profile for
  safety, and show that they really care.
• Respect the skills and insight of the athletic
  trainer and physician, who must have the last
  word concerning injuries.
• Know legal responsibilities for injuries

17
Roles and Responsibilities of the Athletic Trainer

• Performance Domains
• Prevention of athletic injuries
• Evaluation and assessment of injuries
• Immediate care of injuries
• Treatment, rehabilitation and reconditioning of
  injuries
• Health care administration
• Professional Development

18
Roles and Responsibilities of the Athletic Trainer

• Education Council Competency Domains
• Acute care
• Assessment and evaluation
• General medical conditions disabilities
• Health care administration
• Nutritional aspects of injury/illness
• Pathology of injury/illness

19
Roles and Responsibilities of the Athletic Trainer

• Education Council Competency Domains
• Pharmacological aspects of injury/illness
• Professional development
• Psychological intervention and referral
• Risk management and injury prevention
• Therapeutic exercise
• Therapeutic modalities

20
Athletic Trainer Roles and Responsibilities of
the

• Injury Prevention and Risk Management
• Ensuring appropriate training conditioning
• Monitoring environmental conditions
• Managing protective equipment
• Counseling about proper nutrition
• Appropriate medication education use

21
Athletic Trainer Roles and Responsibilities of the

• Recognition, Evaluation, and Assessment of
  Athletic Injuries
• Conducting Physical Examinations
• Understanding the pathology of injury/illness
• Utilizing Evaluation Procedures
• Referring to medical specialists

22
Athletic Trainer Roles and Responsibilities of the

• Immediate Care of Injury and Illness
• Initial assessment
• Administering appropriate first aid
• Providing emergency care

23
Athletic Trainer Roles and Responsibilities of the

• Treatment, Rehabilitation Reconditioning
• Designing rehabilitation programs
• Therapeutic exercise
• Rehabilitative equipment
• Manual therapy
• Supervising rehabilitation programs
• Incorporating therapeutic modalities
• Education and counseling of injuries

24
Athletic Trainer Roles and Responsibilities of the

• Organization and Administration
• Record keeping
• Ordering equipment and supplies
• Supervising personnel
• Establishing policies of operation
• Maintaining athlete data
• Organizing insurance issues

25
Athletic Trainer Roles and Responsibilities of the

• Professional Development and Responsibilities
• Being a lifelong learner of the field
• Maintaining CEUs for certification
• Educate the public
• Involvement in professional organizations

26
Employment Settings for the Athletic Trainer

• Public and Private High Schools
• Colleges and Universities
• Professional Teams
• Sports Medicine Clinics
• Industrial Settings
• Hospitals
• Health and Fitness Centers
• Other Future Directions???

27
Chapter 2Health Care Administration
28
Establishing a System For Athletic Training
Health Care

• Develop a plan
• A planning process with those involved
• A mission statement must be decided
• Develop a policies and procedures manual
• Design an athletic training facility
• Size
• Location
• Storage facilities
• offices

29
Establishing a System For Athletic Training
Health Care

• Design an athletic training room
• Special services section
• Treatment area
• Electrotherapy area
• Hydrotherapy area
• Rehabilitation area
• Taping area
• Examination area
• Records area

30
Establishing a System For Athletic Training
Health Care

• Other concerns (PP Manual)
• Who do you serve?
• Facility and personnel coverage?
• Insurance?
• Emergency telephone?
• Budgetary concerns?
• Security and safety issues?
• Emergency management?
• Access to other health care providers?

31
Establishing a System For Athletic Training
Health Care

• Other Concerns (PP Manual)
• Record keeping
• Medical records
• Injury reports
• Treatment logs
• Personal information
• Injury evaluation
• Etc.

32
Establishing a System For Athletic Training
Health Care

• Other Concerns (PP Manual)
• Preparticipation exams
• Physician exam
• Station exam
• Medical history
• Maturity assessment
• Orthopedic screening
• Medical records

33
Pre-season Physical Exams

• History
• Orthopedics
• Vital signs
• Vision
• ENT
• Skin
• Cardiovascular

• Urinalysis
• Drug Testing?
• Blood tests
• Cardio-Respiratory
• Neurological
• Lymphatic / Abdomen and Reproductive

34
Sport Disqualification

• Certain injuries or conditions may warrant
  concerns relative to continued participation.
  However, the athletic trainer, coach, or even the
  physician can only recommend. The ADA of 1990
  clearly states that the individual athlete and/or
  parents is the only person who can make the final
  decision.

35
Collecting Injury Data

• The Incidence of Injuries
• Accident an unplanned event resulting in loss of
  time, property damage, injury, disablement, or
  even death.
• Injury damage to the body that restricts
  activity or causes disability.
• Risk of injury is determined by the type of
  sport and the amount and level of participation.
• The type of injury can also be expected by the
  sport and level of participation

36
Collecting Injury Data

• Incidence of Injuries
• Sports Classifications
• Collision
• Contact
• Non-contact
• Injury classifications
• Fatalities
• Catastrophic injuries
• Musculoskeletal injuries (contusions, strains,
  etc.)
• Acute vs Chronic
• Incidence knee ? ankle ? upper extremity

37
Collecting Injury Data

• National Injury Data Collecting Systems
• National Safety Council
• American Football Coaches Association
• NCAA Nat. Survey of Catastrophic Injury
• NATA
• Others
• Using Injury Data
• Modify rules
• Education of risks
• Evaluate protective equipment

38
Professional Preparation of the Athletic Trainer

• Professional Educational Programs
• Approved Curriculums NATA/CAAHEP
• Internship programs (not after 2004)
• Certification Req. NATABOC Exam
• Continuing Education Requirements (CEU)
• State Regulations (Licensure)
• Future Directions for Athletic Training

39
Legal Concerns and Insurance IssuesChapter 3

40
Legal Concerns

• Liability being legally responsible for the harm
  one causes another person.
• Negligence the failure to use ordinary and
  reasonable care.
• Torts are legal wrongs committed against the
  person or property of another
• Omission
• Commission

41
Legal Concerns

• Statutes of Limitation sets a specific length of
  time that individuals may sue for damages from
  negligence (1-3 years).
• Assumption of Risk assuming the risk of
  participating in an activity while knowing the
  dangers of the activity.

42
Reducing the Risk of Litigation

• Warn athletes of the potential dangers of the
  sport
• Supervise regularly
• Properly prepare and condition athletes
• Properly instruct athletes in the skills of the
  sport
• Use proper and safe equipment and facilities
• Establish good personal relationships with the
  athletes
• Develop and follow an emergency plan
• Be aware of the athletes health status and
  medical history

43
Reducing the Risk of Litigation

• Keep good records of injuries and rehabilitation
• Document efforts to create a safe playing
  environment
• Obtain written consent to provide health care
• Maintain confidentiality of medical records

44
Reducing the Risk of Litigation

• Use only the therapeutic methods and medicine
  that you are qualified to give.
• Work cooperatively with the coach and team
  physician when selecting equipment.
• Do not permit injured players to participate
• Purchase professional liability insurance
• Use common sense when making decisions

45
Insurance

• Managed care
• Primary health insurance
• Standard policy
• PPO
• HMO
• Secondary health insurance
• Accident insurance
• Professional liability insurance
• Catastrophic insurance

46
Third-Party Reimbursement for Athletic Trainers

• This is a new development
• It is very time consuming
• The A.T.C. must file insurance claims immediately
  and correctly
• The A.T.C. must use Current Procedural
  Terminology (CPT) codes published by the AMA
• Third-Party Reimbursement Research at IWU