Kfmcfom.com

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Done By Hisham Al-Essa Nawaf Al-Mutairi Mohnad
Al-Shrif
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Content

• - Introduction.
• - Number of causalities of Car Accidents in
  KSA Riyadh.
• - The causes of car accidents.
• - First Aid.
• - Traumas in car accidents.
• - Pevention.

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Do you know

• Every year more than 1.17 million people die in
  road crashes around the world
• Many people are killed or disabled in traffic
  accidents.
• Saudi Arabia has one of the worlds worst records
  on road safety.
• Our economical losses due to traffic accidents
  reach about SR 21 billion a year?!

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• One person is killed and eight are injured every
  two hours on Saudi roads.

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• Road traffic accidents affect road users of all
  ages

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Who are most affected by R.T.A?
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Traffic accidents are more dangerous than other
types of accidents e.g.
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• Road Traffic Accidents are managed by Emergency
  Vehicles e.g. Traffic Police and Ambulance

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Risk factor that cause accident
 
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A Study of number of causalities of Car Accidents
in KSA
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A Study of number of causalities of Car Accidents
in Riyadh
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The causes for this increase in traffic accidents

• Aggressive driving behavior
• such as high speed and not obeying traffic
  signals , drinking , young driver, old driver ,
  seat belt not used.
• Poor car maintenance, particularly the tires and
  the brakes

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The causes for this increase in traffic accidents
(cont.)

• Disregard for warning, regulatory and guide signs
  erected to facilitate the drivers' mission and
  safety of road users.
• The number of cars is increasing, leading to more
  congested traffic.

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The causes for this increase in traffic accidents
(cont.)

• Road conditions, including foreign obstacles or
  substances on the road surface, rain , ice, or
  snow making the roads slippery .

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Types of accidents

• Car accidents fall into several major categories
  
• Rear-end collisions
• Side collisions
• Rollovers
• Head on collisions
• Single-car accident
• Level crossing accidents

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the Event of a Traffic Accident
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The Aims of First Aid

• Preserve Life
• Prevent the condition getting worse
• Promote recovery

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Your responsibilities as a First Aider at Work
are

• Safety for yourself and other people
• To perform the recognized and approved First Aid
  techniques
• Keeping records and reporting in accordance with
  local instructions
• Keeping up to date with knowledge and training

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The contents of a Health and Safety Executive
(HSE) approved First Aid Kit are very basic

• Dressings
• Bandages
• Eye Pads
• Pins
• Plasters
• Pair of disposable gloves
• Guidance Sheet

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The First Examination

• Your First Examination consists of 5 stages
• D Check for and deal with any Danger
• R Check patient's Response
• A Open the Airway
• B Check Breathing
• C Check Circulation

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• As the second stage of your First Examination
• you check for your patient's response
• If your patient is unconscious you will need to
  open his airway, and check his breathing. If you
  find that he is breathing, your major concern is
  to protect his airway.

conscious or unconscious?
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Bleeding
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First Aid for bleeding is intended to

• Stop the bleeding
• Prevent infection
• Prevent shock
• Start IV fluids if available.

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How to control bleeding?

• - Direct pressure on the wound
• - Pressure at a pressure point (brachial artery
  on the arm and femoral artery)
• - Pressure bandage

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• - Fractures
• Immobilize fractures
• - Suspected back injury
• Carry the patient without bending.

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• The injuries suffered in crashes can range from
• ((cuts, bruises and whiplash to broken bones,
  limb loss, spinal injuries, head injuries and
  internal injuries ))

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These are approximations of what is commonly
awarded for similar injuries
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Traumas in car accidents-

• - Facial injuries
• - Spinal injuries
• - Head injuries
• - Internal organ injuries

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Facial injuries

• These injuries are usually caused by either
  assault or road crashes
• Facial injuries can include cuts or punctures to
  the skin, broken bones, a dislocated jaw or eye
  injuries.
• Windscreen glass is one of the greatest dangers
  to the eyes )) can result in permanent loss of
  vision ((

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Spinal injuries

• Road traffic accidents account for the largest
  cause of spinal cord injuries worldwide.
• The spinal cord runs through the bones of the
  spine called the vertebrae.
• The vertebral column acts like a telephone cable
  - sending messages of feeling and sensation to
  the brain.

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• The brain converts them into responses such as
  pain or movement
• When the spinal cord is injured or severed these
  messages are interrupted or cannot get through at
  all,depending on the extent of the damage a
  person will either be partially or completely
  paralyzed from the point of damage or lesion.

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Head injuries

• Road crashes account for 40 to 50 of all brain
  injuries and are most commonly associated with
  severe injuries. The largest group of people with
  brain injury is men aged 15-29 who have been in
  road crashes.

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• The death rate following traumatic brain injury
  is approximately 9 per 1,000, which leaves many
  survivors with a lifetime of challenges with a
  brain injury

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Internal organ injuries

• Crashes can cause massive serious internal
  injuries.
• The impact from road crashes can also lead to
  internal bleeding.

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Limb loss

• For most people, losing a leg or an arm is a
  difficult thing to imagine. But it can and does
  happen in road crashes

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Accident prevention

• Although many accidents are caused by behavior
  that is difficult to alter, by mechanical
  failure, or by road conditions, some technical
  solutions are becoming more widely available to
  prevent accidents

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• Avoiding alcohol before driving prevents road
  traffic accidents.
• Strategies that increase the use of seat belts or
  child restraints will result in fewer injuries
• Stricter enforcement of speed limits will result
  in fewer injuries

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• Road Design should be improved .
• Roadside guardrails (crash barriers) and crash
  cushions will reduce injury severity.
• Permanently switched on lights on cars can reduce
  daytime road traffic accidents
• Road safety education for children

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• According to the new traffic rules in KSA and
  regulations, the police will withhold driving
  licenses when violations accumulate to a certain
  number of points. The insurance of passports,
  recruitment visas and exit-re-entry visas will
  also be dependent on the payment of outstanding
  traffic fines.

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• What are the prevention and treatment ?
• 1-.
• 2-..
• 3-..
• 4-
• 5.
• 6

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Summary
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Resources

• WHO web site.
• http//www.trafficsafety.org.sa/statistics.htm
• - Ministry of Health web site.
• - ALNASRYAH Traffic Department .

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THANKS FOR ALL