The Skeletal System - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Skeletal System

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Immovable Joints (synarthrosis) Slightly Movable Joint (ampharthrosis) 275 bones 12 weeks (6-9 inches long) Osteoporosis Immovable Joints (synarthrosis) Slightly ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Skeletal System


1
Skeletal System
2
Function of the Skeletal System
  • Support- framework that supports body and
    cradles its soft organs
  • Protection- for delicate organs, heart, lungs,
    brain
  • Movement- bones act as levers for muscles
  • Mineral storage- calcium phosphate
  • Blood cell formation- hematopoiesis

3
Types of Bones
  • Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies,
    humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula
  • Short Bones- carpals, tarsals
  • Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum
  • Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones
  • Sesamoid- patella

4
Bone Classification
5
Anatomy of a Long Bone
spongy bone
Proximal epiphysis
compact bone
Endosteum
diaphysis
epiphyseal line
yellow marrow
Sharpeys fibers
Distal epiphysis
periosteum
hyaline cartilage
6
Axial Skeleton
7
Appendicular Skeleton
8
Axial Skeleton
Cranium Facial Bones
Anterior View
9
Axial Skeleton
Cranium Facial Bones
Lateral View
10
Axial Skeleton
Posterior View
11
Axial Skeleton
Inferior View
12
Sinal Cavities
Frontal Sinus
Ethmoid Sinus
Sphenoid Sinus
Maxillary Sinus
  • Warm and moisten air
  • Lighten the skull
  • Enhance voice resonance

13
Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column
Cervical Vertebrae (7) Thoracic Vertebrae
(12) Lumbar Vertberae (5) Sacrum Coccyx
14
Cervical Vertebrae
15
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16
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17
Axial Skeleton
The Thoracic Cage
Sternum True Ribs (7) False Ribs (3) Floating
Ribs (2)
18
Axial Skeleton
Sacrum Coccyx
19
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the Pectoral Girdle
20
Appendicular Skeleton
The Upper Limb (Forelimb)
Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges
21
Humorus
22
Ulna Radius
23
Hand Bones
24
Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvis
25
Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvis (lateral view)
Ilium
Acetabulum
Obturator foramen
Pubis
Ischium
Ischium
26
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27
Appendicular Skeleton
The Lower Limb (Legs)
Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Pha
langes
28
Femur
29
Patella
30
Tibia Fibula
31
Foot
phelangies
metatarsals
tarsals
tarsals
metatarsals
phelangies
32
Fetal Skull
33
Immovable Joints (synarthrosis)
Fibrous Joints
34
Slightly Movable Joint (ampharthrosis)
Cartilagenous Joints
35
Synovial Joints
(diarthrosis)- freely moveable
36
Synovial Joints
37
Knee Joint
38
Synovial Joint Movement
Extension
Rotation
Flexion
Adduction
Abduction
39
275 bones12 weeks (6-9 inches long)
Fetal Skeleton
40
Endochondral Ossification
Fetus 1st 2 months
2o ossification center
bone
cartilage
calcified cartilage
Just before birth
epiphyseal line
epiphyseal plate
Adult
Childhood
41
Bone cells that aid in remodeling
Builds new bone
Osteoblast
Mature bone cell
Osteocyte
Osteoclast
Eats bone
42
Bone Repair
  • Electrical stimulation of the fracture site
  • Increases speed and completeness of healing
  • The e- stimulation inhibits PTH and slow
    osteoclasts down from reabsorbing bone
  • 2. Ultrasound treatment
  • Daily treatments reduce healing time of broken
    bones by 25-35
  • 3. Free vascular fibular graft technique
  • Transplant fibula in arm
  • Gives good blood supply not available in other
    treatments
  • 4. Bone substitutes
  • Crushed bone from cadaver- but risk of HIV and
    hepatitis
  • Sea bone- coral
  • Artificial bone- ceramic

43
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44
Repair of Fractures
hematoma
callus
bony callus
bone remodeling
45
Diseases of the Skeletal System
  • Osteoporosis- bone reabsorption outpaces bone
    deposit bones become lighter and fracture easier
  • Factors
  • age, gender (more in women)
  • estrogen and testosterone decrease
  • insufficient exercise (or too much)
  • diet poor in Ca and protein
  • abnormal vitamin D receptors
  • smoking

46
Osteoporosis
47
Diseases of the Skeletal System
Rickets- vitamin D deficiency Osteomalacia- soft
bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack
of vitamin D Pagets Disease- spotty weakening in
the bones, excessive and abnormal bone
remodeling Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune
reaction
48
INQUIRY
  • What is a fontanel?
  • How many bones in the adult skeleton?
  • What is the difference between the appendicular
    and axial skeleton?
  • What is a meniscus?
  • Demonstrate adduction.
  • Weight bearing vertebrae are called?
  • What does an osteoclast do/
  • Extra Credit 1-page reaction paper on bipedalism
    and problems associated with our human frame.
    Attach article. Turn in 1-week from today.

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