COAL

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COAL

• Its more important than you really think.

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How Does It Affect Us?

• Coal affects us in everyday life drastically.
• Electricity to homes, all appliances, and
  anything that uses electricity.
• Cell phones (Charging)
• Computer
• TV
• Telephone
• Buildings supports and frames
• Car Frames
• Video Game Systems
• Coffee Machine
• Alarm Clock
• Air Conditioning
• Refrigerator/Refrigeration

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The Uses Of Coal

• In the United States, Coal is primarily used for
  electricity. 56 of the electricity in the US is
  generated by Coal.
• Not being limited to only electricity, Coal is
  also used to produce and make chemicals, cement,
  paper, ceramics, and metal products.
• Coal byproducts, like coke, are also used in
  production. This byproduct helps make steel for
  buildings, bridges, and automobiles.
• Also, about 9 of US mined coal is shipped out to
  forty different countries, including Western
  Europe, Canada, and Japan to name a few.
• Proven coal deposits exist on every continent,
  including Antarctica. The United States has the
  world's largest supply of recoverable reserves,
  or about 24 percent. Coal is found in
  thirty-eight states, and nearly one-eighth of the
  country lies over coal beds. Top coal-mining
  states include Montana, Illinois, Wyoming, West
  Virginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Colorado,
  Texas, and Indiana.

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Types of Coal

• There are 4 different types of coal
• Lignite
• Sub-bituminous
• Bituminous
• Anthracite
• These types of coal usually contain either high
  concentrates of carbon, or they have a high
  moisture content.
• All of the ores are extracted by either surface
  mining or underground mining.
• The actual type of mining used for each type of
  coal basically depends on where they naturally
  occurred 50-70 million years ago. Some are close
  to the surface and some tend to be utilized for
  underground mining.

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Lignite (The Soft Coal)

• This is the softest type of coal found.
• It has a lot more moisture than the others and
  breaks apart very easily.
• It has the lowest carbon content and heating
  value.
• Also called Brown Coal, because of its brownish
  color, this is the type of coal that is mainly
  used at electricity plants.
• Lignite is the result of millions of tons of
  plants and trees that decayed in swampy
  atmosphere 50-70 million years ago.
• Lignites carbon content is about 25-35
• Lignite is mainly found in Montana and North
  Dakota
• Its heat value is approx. 4000-8000 BTUs per
  pound.
• Due to its softness, this type of coal needs
  normally little explosives to dig up. Mining is
  relatively easy and can be collected with pretty
  much no hassle.
• Jet is a compact form of lignite that is
  sometimes polished and has been used as an
  ornamental stone since the Iron Age.

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Sub-bituminous (Medium Soft)

• This is a dull black type of coal that has less
  moisture than Lignite.
• Sub-bituminous has a carbon content of about
  35-45
• It also has a heat value of 8000-13000 BTUs per
  pound.
• This ore is found primarily along the east side
  of the Rocky Mountains.
• Sub-bituminous is slightly harder than Lignite
  and takes a little more work to break it up.
• This ore has more of a chalky look to it with
  bits and specks of shiny coal pieces in it.
• This ore can need explosives at some points, but
  not as difficult to mine as Bituminous or
  Anthracite.

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Bituminous (Medium Hard)

• This type of coal contains very little moisture
  and has a very high heat value.
• This type is used to generate electricity and
  make coke, a coal residue used in the
  production of steel.
• This is the most plentiful coal type in the
  United States.
• Bituminous has a carbon content of 45-85
• It has a heat value of 10500-15000 BTUs per pound
• This ore is found from the east coast to the
  mid-west states and also in Alaska.
• This ore is not easily broken and it is a little
  more smooth to the touch than the other ores
  before.
• This type of Ore definitely needs explosives to
  break it up because of its hard texture.

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Anthracite (Hard Coal)

• This type of coal has the highest carbon content
  and the lowest moisture and ash content.
• Anthracite burns very slowly which makes it very
  good heating fuel for homes.
• Anthracite has a carbon content of 85-95
• Normally this ore doesnt exceed 15000 BTUs for
  its heat value
• This is very difficult to break apart and it is
  very smooth to the touch and has a very high
  shine.
• Explosives are used on this ore to break it up
  for further collection. The hardest coal ore to
  mine.

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Coal Reserves In the US
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10 Largest Coal Reserve states plus rest of US
(In Billions)
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Top 10 Coal Producing States
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Coal Consumption and Usage Figures
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Facts About Coal

• The United States produces about 35, or 1
  billion tons, of the world's coal supplymore
  than any other country produces.
• Coal ash is used as filler for tennis rackets,
  golf balls, and linoleum.
• More than 2 million acres of mined land have been
  reclaimed over the past 20 yearsthat's an area
  larger than the state of Delaware.
• The United States has more than a 250-year supply
  of coal, if it continues using coal at the same
  rate at which it uses coal today.
• Montana is the state with the most coal reserves
  (120 billion tons). But Wyoming is the top
  coal-producing stateit produced about 368
  million tons in 2001.
• Texas is the top coal-consuming state. It uses
  about 100 million tons each year.
• The average coal miner is 45 years old and has 20
  years of experience.
• Coal generates more than half of the electricity
  used in the United States.
• U.S. coal deposits contain more energy than that
  of all the world's oil reserves.
• Each person in the United States uses 3.8 tons of
  coal each year.
• Western half of the country accounts for about 55
  percent of the US total, overwhelmingly from
  surface mines.
• Appalachia (led by West Virginia and Kentucky)
  accounts for about 35 percent of total U.S. coal
  production, mainly from underground mines.
• About three-fifths of U.S. coal production is
  bituminous, one-third sub-bituminous, and about
  one-tenth lignite (brown coal).
• 63 percent of the coal that is mined today is
  from surface mining.

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Coal Powered Power Plants
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