INDUCTIVE & DEDUCTIVE RESEARCH APPROACH

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INDUCTIVE DEDUCTIVERESEARCH APPROACH

• By Shagufta Shaheen

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Contents

• Definition
• Methods
• Inductive teaching
• deductive teaching
• Examples of inductive deductive
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Conclusion

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Definition

• INDUCTIVE
• Inductive teaching (also
  called discovery teaching or inquiry teaching) is
  based on the claim that knowledge is build
  primarily from a learners experiences and
  interactions with phenomena.

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Definition

• DEDUCTIVE
• Deductive teaching (also
  called direct instruction) is much less
  constructively and is based on the idea that a
  highly structured presentation of content creates
  optimal learning for students.

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Research Methods

• In research, we often refer to the two broad
  methods of reasoning as the deductive and
  inductive approaches.

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Inductive Research Approach

• Inductive reasoning works the other way, moving
  from specific observations to broader
  generalizations and theories.
• Informally,, we sometimes call this a "bottom
  up approach
• Conclusion is likely based on premises.
• Involves a degree off uncertainty

THEORY
TENTATIVE HYPOTHESIS
Hill Climbing
PATTERN
Observations
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Deductive Research Approach

• Deductive reasoning works from the more general
  to the more specific.
• Sometimes this is informally called a "top-down
  approach.
• Conclusion follows logically from premises
  (available facts)

THEORY
HYPOTHESIS
Waterfall
OBSERVATION
CONFIRMATION
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Inductive teaching

• An instructor using an inductive approach begins
  by exposing students to a concrete instance, or
  instances, of a concept .
• The teachers role is to create the opportunities
  and the context in which students can
  successfully make the appropriate
  generalizations, and to guide students necessary.

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Deductive Teaching

• . The instructor using a deductive approach
  typically presents a general concept by first
  defining it and then providing examples or
  illustrations that demonstrate the idea.
• Students are given opportunities to practice,
  with instructor guidance and feed back.

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Example of Inductive Teaching

• Using the grammar situation,
• the teacher would present the
• students with a variety of
• examples for a given concept without giving
  any introduction about how the concept is used.
  As students see how the concept is used, it is
  hoped that they will notice how the concept is to
  be used and determine the grammar rule. As a
  conclusion to the activity, the teacher can ask
  the students to explain the grammar rule as a
  final check that they understand the concept.

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Example of Deductive Teaching

• A deductive approach to
• instruction is a more
• teacher-centered approach.
• This means that the teacher
• gives the students a new concept, explains
  it, and then has the students practice using the
  concept. For example, when teaching a new grammar
  concept, the teacher will introduce the concept,
  explain the rules related to its use, and finally
  the students will practice using the concept in a
  variety of different ways.

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Reasoning methods andArgumentation

• The main division between forms of reasoning that
  is made in philosophy is between deductive
  reasoning and inductive reasoning.
• Formal logic has been described as 'the science
  of deduction'.
• The study of inductive reasoning is generally
  carried out
• within the field known as informal logic or
  critical thinking.

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Advantages

• Inductive
• Students may draw approaches
• Inductive approach can increase the creativity
• Inductive approach showed better long-term
  retention ability
• Meet the challenges of the new world

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Advantages

• Deductive
• Some educators have suggested that deductive
  teaching can be critically important for students
  with learning disabilities
• Some learn best through a deductive approach.
• Deductive learners like to have the general
  principles identified

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Disadvantages

• INDUCTIVE
• . Students may draw other meaning from the
  examples
• The inductive approach may also take more time
  and be less efficient then a deductive approach
• certain ideas do not lend themselves easily to
  an inductive-teaching

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Disadvantages

• DEDUCTIVE
• It doesnt allow for divergent student thinking.
• It also doesnt emphasize students reasoning and
  problem solving.
• Deductive approach can not increase the
  creativities.

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CONCLUSION

• Both deductive and inductive teaching approaches
  should be included in all courses.
• Each offers advantages to students with
  different learning strengths and motivations.
• Varying the approach to teaching content can
  help to reach diverse learning needs.

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