Energy $avings Opportunities

1
Energy avings Opportunities

• For North Carolina
• Businesses and Institutions

2
What can I do now to curb rising utility costs?

• How can I better control utility costs in the
  future?

3
Energy avings Workshops

• AGENDA
• No Cost Opportunities
• Break
• Low Cost Opportunities
• Break
• Capital Cost Opportunities
• Wrap-up

4
Energy Supply - Cost Outlook
Source EIA
5
Energy Supply Cost Outlook
Source EIA
6
Energy Supply - Cost Outlook
Source EIA
7
Getting Started Energy Conservation Initiatives

• Find a leader
• Get all persons involved within the organization
  to participate and cooperate
• Identify the opportunities
• Implementation
• no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness)
• low cost (operations maintenance)
• capital projects
• Measurement Verification

8
Building SchedulesAffect all categories of
energy use

• Create longer periods of unoccupied time
• Optimize the use of facilities
• You may be keeping an entire building conditioned
  to use one room

9
HVAC No Cost Opportunities

• Adjust your thermostat
• 70 deg max winter 76 deg min summer
• Why? For a business 1 deg 3 savings
• Remove obstructions to radiators, air diffusers,
  air intakes
• Remove heat sources from underneath thermostats
• During unoccupied times lower temp in winter
  raise temp in summer
• Boilers
• Reduce hot water temperature
• Lower steam pressure

10
Temperature Set-backs During unoccupied times

• One of the greatest energy savings potential in
  commercial buildings
• Conduct set-backs manually or
• Programmable 7-day Thermostats
• (50-200, manual override, locking)
• Proper use of Energy Managements Systems or
  Building Automation System (BAS)
• Winter Set-back Temperature saving
• Asheville Climate Example Typical savings
• 60 F 55 F 50 F
• 10 20 30

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LightingNo Cost Opportunities

• When you leave the room TURN THEM OFF
• Optimize use of day lighting
• Reduce lighting
• Make use of dual switching
• Outdoor Lighting
• Decorative lighting is it worth the price ?
• Vending Machines
• Have your distributor disconnect the lights

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EquipmentNo Cost Opportunities

• Office equipment
• When finished TURN IT OFF
• If available enable sleep mode on all equipment
• Computer power save mode
• Energy Star power management for computers and
  monitors
• Kitchens
• TURN IT OFF when finished
• Turn off unneeded sections (i.e. broilers,
  griddles, etc.
• Position equipment properly
• Avoid excessive pre-heating
• Full loads only

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Equipment (cont.)No Cost Opportunities

• Refrigerators
• Do you need it? Consolidate?
• Load properly
• Keep the door shut
• Check the Temperature settings
• Freezers (-14 to -8 F), Refrig (35 - 38 F)
• Position properly
• Clean the cooling coils
• Check the door seals

Replacing a warped refrigerator gasket can save
50 per year.
14
Equipment (cont.)No Cost Opportunities

• Air Compressors
• TURN IT OFF when not in use
• Lower operating pressures
• (2 psi reduction saves 1)
• Consider the right application

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Hot WaterNo Cost Opportunities

• Reduce hot water heater temperature to 120 F if
  allowable
• Turn heat off at hand washing stations
• Turn off recirculation pumps

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MiscellaneousNo Cost Opportunities

• Buildings
• Keep doors closed
• Keep windows closed
• Involve security and janitorial staff in your
  TURN IT OFF campaign
• Water
• TURN IT OFF when not in use
• Do not leave hoses under pressure when not in use
• Water is not a broom

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Vehicle Use and Fuel Savings

• TURN IT OFF reduce or eliminate idle time
• Reduce aggressive driving. Avoid high speeds.
• Maximize use of most efficient vehicles in your
  fleet
• Car pool and task pool
• Become involved in Clean Cities programs
• Maintain vehicle properly
• www.fueleconomy.gov

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Utility Accounting

• Track consumption as well as cost
• Know the vocabulary
• kWh total electricity used in billing
  period
• kW greatest 15 minute use in period
• BTU British Thermal Unit
• Therm 100,000 BTUs
• Dekatherm (Dt) 1,000,000 BTUs
• CCF Hundreds of cubic feet 1 Therm
• MCF Thousands of cubic feet

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Fuel Cost Comparison

• NC Commercial Averages
• Electricity 0.069/kWh
• Natural gas 1.50/therm
• Propane 1.60 / gallon
• 2 Fuel Oil 1.94/gallon

• Unit Energy Comparisons
• Electric Strip Heat 19/MMbtu
• Heat Pump 6.33/MMbtu
• NG Furnace 15.00/MMbtu
• Propane Furnace 20.46/MMbtu
• 2 Oil Furnace 15.85/MMbtu

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Utility Rate Analysis

• No capital investment required
• Do you understand how you are billed?
• Many rate schedules
• Are you on the best rate schedule?
• When to check?
• Who to work with?
• Can you change operations to provide quick
  savings?

NC State Agencies are saving 650,000 annually
through energy rate reviews
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Utility Accounting

• Easy ways to track bills Use
• Go on line to view
• Account information
• Energy Usage
• Energy analysis
• Benchmark your Energy Usage
• Tools
• www.energystar.gov

22
Energy Links

• State Energy Office http//www.energync.net/
• DPPEA http//www.p2pays.org/
• Progress Energy
• http//www.progress-energy.com/custservice/index.
  asp
• Duke Energy http//www.duke-energy.com/businesses/
  managing/
• Dominion North Carolina Power http//www.dom.com/a
  bout/companies/ncpower/index.jsp
• ElectriCities http//www.electricities.com/index.h
  tm
• Co-ops http//www.ncemcs.com/north_carolina.htm
• PSNC
• http//www.scana.com/PSNCEnergy/Conservatio
  n/default.htm
• Piedmont NG http//www.piedmontng.com/

23
Getting Started Energy Conservation Initiatives

• Find a leader
• Get all persons involved with organization to
  participate and cooperate
• Identify the opportunities
• Implementation
• no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness)
• low cost (operations maintenance)
• Capital projects
• Measurement Verification

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Life Cycle Costing

• The cheapest initial cost may be the most
  expensive choice
• To calculate
• purchase price
• lifetime maintenance cost
• lifetime operating cost (including energy)
  total cost
• Compare total cost of all products being
  considered.

25
HVAC Low Cost Opportunities

• Programmable 7-day thermostats
• Special units for Heat Pumps
• Remember 1 degree 3 savings
• Thermostat location
• Replace air filters regularly
• Clean heat-transfer coils in heat pumps, air
  conditioners and chillers
• Inspect ducts for leaks and missing insulation
• Balance air flow in ducts to prevent cold spots
  in building

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HVAC (cont) Low Cost Opportunities

• HVAC controls tune-up
• Boiler tune-up
• Survey steam traps for proper function
• Repair traps as needed
• Radiator thermostat controls
• Clean strainers/filters upstream of traps
• Up to 5 savings for keeping steam system
  maintained

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LightingLow Cost Opportunities

• Lighting Power Density
• Building foot watts
• Categories candles per sf
• Offices 30 - 50 1
• Classroom 50 1.4
• Bank Lobbies 15 1.8
• Garage Repair Area 75 1.4
• Bathroom, Stairwells 15 0.9
• Library Study Area 50 1.7

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LightingLow Cost Opportunities

• Clean fixtures and bulbs periodically
• De-lamp
• Lower room light levels and use task lighting CFL
  (compact fluorescent lamp)
• Occupancy sensors
• Replace EXIT signs with LEDs
• Replace T-12 with T-8 lamps
• T8 lamps offer better performance, more
  selection, less heat, elimination of hum
• Replace incandescent lamps with CFL

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Self-ballasted CFLs
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Incandescent vs. CFL Cost Comparison
Net Savings over 10,000 hours 63.40
31
EquipmentLow Cost Opportunities

• Office equipment
• Specify Energy Star equipment for new purchases
• Flat panel computer monitors
• Energy saving sensors on vending machines
• Vendor Requirement in new contracts

Using Energy Star office equipment saves about
50 per employee per year.
32
Equipment (cont)Low Cost Opportunities

• Kitchens
• Replace warped refrigerator seals
• Low flow pre-rinse sprayer (1.6 gpm)

33
Equipment (cont)Low Cost Opportunities

• Air compressors
• Fix the leaks (a 1/16 leak wastes 667/year)
• Use the right nozzles
• Adequate ventilation in compressor room
• Use outside make-up air (save 5-7)

34
Hot WaterLow Cost Opportunities

• Place timer on electric hot water heater
• When it fails, replace gas, tank style hot water
  heater with on demand hot water heater
• Install pipe insulation

35
Miscellaneous Low Cost Opportunities

• Buildings
• Insulation Opportunities
• Walls Ceilings Floors
• Weather Stripping
• Doors Windows
• Gaskets for electrical wall plates on outside
  walls

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Miscellaneous (cont) Low Cost Opportunities

• Water
• Showerheads (1.5 gallons per minute, gpm)
• Sink aerators (0.5 gpm)
• Repair leaks

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Dont pay sewer charges on water you dont
discharge

• Water/sewer bills typically based on water use
• Some water/sewer authorities will reimburse you
  for water not discharged
• If you have cooling towers, irrigation systems,
  or use significant water in your products, ask
  your water authority if option is available
• Typically requires a sub-meter.

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Miscellaneous (cont) Low Cost Opportunities

• Vehicles
• Purchase most economical vehicle for task
• If available purchase flex fuel vehicles
• Look at hybrids

39
Getting Started Energy Conservation Initiatives

• Find a leader
• Get all persons involved with organization to
  participate and cooperate
• Identify the opportunities
• Implementation
• no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness)
• low cost (operations maintenance)
• Capital projects
• Measurement Verification
• Financing Options for capital projects

40
Capital Projects

• Audits
• Available from a variety of sources
• Audit should be conducted based on energy use
• Financial opportunities
• Performance contracting
• SEO loan program
• DSIRE Web site
• Federal and state tax incentives

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Capital Projects (cont)

• HVAC
• Right size all equipment
• Ground source heat pumps
• Variable speed drives
• Fuel use flexibility
• Alternate fuel boilers
• Install building automation system
• Boiler economizer
• Thermal storage

42
Capital Projects (cont)

• Lighting
• Complete building re-lamp
• Put lighting on building automation system
• Side benefit reduces HVAC load
• LED traffic signals
• Equipment
• Motors
• Make vendors do life cycle cost analysis on major
  equipment purchases
• Waste heat recovery

43
Capital Projects (cont)

• Hot water
• Solar hot water system
• Waste heat recovery
• Buildings
• Insulate un-insulated areas
• Reflective light-colored roof
• Building automation system

44
Capital Projects (cont)

• Water
• Cooling towers
• Irrigation
• Rain water catchments
• Miscellaneous
• Peak shaving generators
• Co-generation
• Photovoltaic
• Wind

45
A Quick Energy Quiz

• Its better to turn off my lights every time I
  leave my office than to just turn them off at the
  end of the day. True/ False
• It takes more energy to set my thermostat lower
  at night in the winter than it does to keep it at
  the same temperature all day and night True/
  False
• It takes more energy to power down my monitor
  during the day using available software, than to
  leave it on all day. True/ False
• Fluorescent lights consume (circle one) 1/10 1/4
  1/2 the energy of a regular incandescent light
  bulb, and last (circle one) 2 times 10 times 15
  times as long.
• A space heater costs (circle one) 20 50 100
  a year for electricity.

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Possibilities

• We are all faced with magnificent
  opportunities, brilliantly disguised as
  impossible situations.
• Charles Swindoll

47
Resource Providers

• State Energy Office
• http//www.energync.net/
• Division of Pollution Prevention and
  Environmental Assistance
• http//www.p2pays.org/
• Waste Reduction Partners
• http//www.landofsky.org/wrp/
• NCSU Industrial Extension Service
• http//www.ies.ncsu.edu/
• NCSU Industrial Assessment Center
• http//www.mae.ncsu.edu/Centers/IAC/
• Advanced Energy
• http//www.advancedenergy.org/

48
Resource Providers

• NC Solar Center
• http//www.ncsc.ncsu.edu/default.cfm
• Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy
  http//www.dsireusa.org/
• Energy Star Home Page http//www.energystar.gov/
  
• Energy Star Training Page
• http//www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?cbusiness.bus
  _internet_presentations
• Energy Star Computer Power Management
• http//www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?cpower_mgt.pr
  _power_management
• The Food Service Technology Center
• www.fishnick.com
• US Department Of Energy (for vehicles)
• www.fueleconomy.gov

49
Resource Providers

• DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy home
  page http//www.eere.energy.gov/
• DOE Comcheck Software download
• http//www.energycodes.gov/comcheck/
• DOE Best Practices (MotorMaster download)
• http//eereweb.ee.doe.gov/industry/bestpractices/s
  oftware.html
• Institute of Textile Technology (Service
  Listings)
• http//www.itt.edu/Services/ServiceSheets.cfm
• Los Angeles County wastewater digester gas to
  energy
• http//www.wapa.gov/es/pubs/esb/2005/june/jun058.h
  tm

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Where do you use the most energy?
Source Handbook of Energy Engineering, EIA, and
NREL