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Energy Efficiency of Motors and Appliances

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ENERGY EFFICIENCY PURPOSE The purpose of energy efficient appliances and motors is to be able to supply the same level of energy service only using less energy. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Energy Efficiency of Motors and Appliances


1
Energy Efficiency of Motors and Appliances
  • By Jennifer Hitchcock and Meredith Greene

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2
Energy Efficiency Purpose
  • The purpose of energy efficient appliances and
    motors is to be able to supply the same level of
    energy service only using less energy.
  • Efficient energy use is achieved primarily by
    means of a more efficient technology or process
    rather than by changes in individual behavior.
  • Energy conservation reduces the energy
    consumption and energy demand per capita and thus
    offsets some of the growth in energy supply
    needed to keep up with population growth

3
Making a Difference
  • Along with saving money, energy efficient
    appliances and motors save the plant
  • The energy used to run a product can be cut up to
    80
  • There is a large potential to make a difference
    because all appliances energy usage can be cut
  • Fridges, washers, dryers, cars
  • Light bulbs, anything that plugs
  • Into an outlet.

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Operation
  • You can apply new ways to your old appliances to
    make them more energy efficient
  • Keep air filters clean, vents clean, and
    baseboards clean
  • Get a furnace tune up
  • Defrost your refrigerator so ice doesnt build up
    on the coils
  • Turn off appliance when they are not being used
  • Un-plug appliances

5
Operation
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  • Motor-driven equipment accounts for 64 percent of
    the electricity consumed in the U.S. industrial
    sector. Within the nation's most energy-intensive
    industries motor systems consume approximately
    290 billion kWh per year.

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ing.aspx
9
Motor Efficiency Converting Electricity into
Mechanical Motion
  • The energy efficiency of motors depends on the
    type of motor. Some are built to be more energy
    efficient while others are not. It may be wise to
    invest in motors with higher efficiencies than
    what is required, even if they are a bit more
    expensive. Energy efficient motors reduce the
    amount of lost energy going into heat rather than
    power by using steel with better magnetic
    qualities, bigger diameter wire, and better
    bearings. Since less heat is generated, less
    energy is needed to cool the motor with a
    fanfurther improving energy efficiency.

10
How Much Energy They Consume as Compared to
Purchase Price
  • Over a typical ten-year operating life, a motor
    operating most of the time can easily consume
    electricity valued at more than 50 times the
    motors initial purchase price. This means that
    when you spend 1,600 to purchase a motor that
    operates continually, you may be obligating
    yourself to spend more than 80,000 on
    electricity.
  • Another example is that even at the relatively
    low energy rate of 0.04/kWh, a typical
    20-horsepower (hp) continuously running motor
    uses almost 6,000 worth of electricity annually,
    about six times its initial purchase price.

11
Savings by Use of Efficient Motors
  • Over half of all electrical energy consumed in
    the United States is used by electric motors.
    Improving the efficiency of electric motors and
    the equipment they drive can save energy, reduce
    operating costs, and improve our nations
    productivity.
  • The potential savings in system improvement
    opportunities are very large - over 100 billion
    kwh/year energy savings and 3 billion (U.S.)
    annual energy cost savings opportunity with
    existing and new technology by 2010.

12
Saving Con.
13
Savings Con.
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14
Technological Obstacles
  • There is an impending shortage of many rare raw
    materials used in the manufacture of hybrid and
    electric cars.
  • For example, the rare earth element dysprosium is
    required to make many of the advanced electric
    motors used in hybrid cars.
  • However, over 95 of the world's rare earth
    elements are mined in China, and domestic Chinese
    consumption is expected to consume China's entire
    supply by 2012.

15
Political/Economic Obstacles
  • Motors must meet certain federal laws for them to
    be produced. Most general-purpose motors sold
    after October 1997 must meet the NEMA (National
    Electrical Manufacturers Association) definition,
    according to federal law.
  •  The following are major design and manufacturing
    standards covering electric motors
  •  International Electrotechnical Commission IEC
    60034 Rotating Electrical Machines
  • National Electrical Manufacturers Association
    (USA) NEMA MG 1 Motors and Generators
  • Underwriters Labratories (USA) UL 1004 -
    Standard for Electric Motors

16
Political/Economic Obstacles Con.
  • On December 19, 2007, President George W. Bush
    signed into law the Energy Independence and
    Security Act of 2007.
  • Similar to its predecessors, the Energy Policy
    Act of 1992, and the Energy Policy Act of 2005,
    and related pieces of legislation dating back to
    the 1970s, the 2007 Act aims to restructure and
    reduce, or at least slow the rate of growth in
    Americas energy consumption.
  • Perhaps more importantly for motor users the 2007
    version increases the mandated efficiency of
    electric motors in commercial and industrial
    applications, and expands the range of motors
    that in question. The 2007 Act takes effect on
    December 19, 2010.
  • NEMA Premium will become the minimum efficiency
    standard for many motors in 2010, making the U.S.
    standards the highest in the world.

17
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Negative Environmental Impacts
  • Appliances have to get energy from somewhere, and
    the energy comes from power plants. These power
    plants are one main source of air and water
    pollution. They also release radioactive
    materials into the atmosphere.
  • Used appliances also produce electronic waste,
    which are discarded, surplus, obsolete, or broken
    electrical or electronic devices.
  • The processing of electronic waste in developing
    countries causes serious health and pollution
    problems because electronic equipment contains
    some very serious contaminants such as lead,
    cadmium, beryllium, mercury, and brominated flame
    retardants.
  • Even in developed countries recycling and
    disposal of e-waste involves significant risk to
    workers and communities and great care must be
    taken to avoid unsafe exposure in recycling
    operations and leaching of material such as heavy
    metals from landfills and incinerator ashes.

20
Phantom Loads
  • The phantom load is the electricity consumed by a
    device when it is turned off.
  • For example, your television consumes electricity
    as it waits for you to hit the on button on
    your remote. Your clock uses up energy 24/7 to
    keep track of time.
  • Devices that have a phantom load are sometimes
    called vampires. These devices have a hidden
    energy cost that most people are never even aware
    of.
  • Nationally, phantom loads make up about six
    percent of our energy consumption. This
    translates into billions of dollars spent and
    countless amounts of pollution emitted into our
    air.

21
How to Deal with Phantom Loads
  • Unplug all devices when not in use.
  • Alternatively, plug your devices into a power
    strip and turn the strip off when you go to
    sleep.
  • Be careful when using cube shaped transformers
    that plug into the wall. They are 60-80
    inefficient when plugged in, so it is especially
    important that these are on power strips.

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22
Improvements
  • Increasing the thickness of the copper wires
    wound around the core of the motor. This reduces
    both the electrical resistance losses in the
    wires and the temperature at which the motor
    operates.
  • Using more and thinner high-quality steel sheets
    for the main fixed and rotating parts of the
    motor. This also minimizes electrical losses.
  • Narrowing the air gap between the spinning and
    stationary motor components, increasing the
    strength of its magnetic field. This lets the
    motor deliver the same output using less power.
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