Energy Efficiency of Motors and Appliances

1
Energy Efficiency of Motors and Appliances

• By Jennifer Hitchcock and Meredith Greene

http//homeappliancesblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2
009/10/energy-star-appliances.jpg
2
Energy Efficiency Purpose

• The purpose of energy efficient appliances and
  motors is to be able to supply the same level of
  energy service only using less energy.
• Efficient energy use is achieved primarily by
  means of a more efficient technology or process
  rather than by changes in individual behavior.
• Energy conservation reduces the energy
  consumption and energy demand per capita and thus
  offsets some of the growth in energy supply
  needed to keep up with population growth

3
Making a Difference

• Along with saving money, energy efficient
  appliances and motors save the plant
• The energy used to run a product can be cut up to
  80
• There is a large potential to make a difference
  because all appliances energy usage can be cut
• Fridges, washers, dryers, cars
• Light bulbs, anything that plugs
• Into an outlet.

http//johnlmclane.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/ima
ges/EnergyStarLogo_orignal.29062643_std.gif
4
Operation

• You can apply new ways to your old appliances to
  make them more energy efficient
• Keep air filters clean, vents clean, and
  baseboards clean
• Get a furnace tune up
• Defrost your refrigerator so ice doesnt build up
  on the coils
• Turn off appliance when they are not being used
• Un-plug appliances

5
Operation
http//www.westernconsolidated.com/motors.html
6
http//www.thefuture-energy.com/efficiency.gif
7
http//images.machinedesign.com/images/archive/app
lianc0501jpg_00000031821.jpg
8

• Motor-driven equipment accounts for 64 percent of
  the electricity consumed in the U.S. industrial
  sector. Within the nation's most energy-intensive
  industries motor systems consume approximately
  290 billion kWh per year.

http//www.srpnet.com/electric/business/manufactur
ing.aspx
9
Motor Efficiency Converting Electricity into
Mechanical Motion

• The energy efficiency of motors depends on the
  type of motor. Some are built to be more energy
  efficient while others are not. It may be wise to
  invest in motors with higher efficiencies than
  what is required, even if they are a bit more
  expensive. Energy efficient motors reduce the
  amount of lost energy going into heat rather than
  power by using steel with better magnetic
  qualities, bigger diameter wire, and better
  bearings. Since less heat is generated, less
  energy is needed to cool the motor with a
  fanfurther improving energy efficiency.

10
How Much Energy They Consume as Compared to
Purchase Price

• Over a typical ten-year operating life, a motor
  operating most of the time can easily consume
  electricity valued at more than 50 times the
  motors initial purchase price. This means that
  when you spend 1,600 to purchase a motor that
  operates continually, you may be obligating
  yourself to spend more than 80,000 on
  electricity.
• Another example is that even at the relatively
  low energy rate of 0.04/kWh, a typical
  20-horsepower (hp) continuously running motor
  uses almost 6,000 worth of electricity annually,
  about six times its initial purchase price.

11
Savings by Use of Efficient Motors

• Over half of all electrical energy consumed in
  the United States is used by electric motors.
  Improving the efficiency of electric motors and
  the equipment they drive can save energy, reduce
  operating costs, and improve our nations
  productivity.
• The potential savings in system improvement
  opportunities are very large - over 100 billion
  kwh/year energy savings and 3 billion (U.S.)
  annual energy cost savings opportunity with
  existing and new technology by 2010.

12
Saving Con.
13
Savings Con.
http//www.efficiency-from-germany.info/EIE/Naviga
tion/EN/Technologies/industry,did254500.html?view
renderPrint
14
Technological Obstacles

• There is an impending shortage of many rare raw
  materials used in the manufacture of hybrid and
  electric cars.
• For example, the rare earth element dysprosium is
  required to make many of the advanced electric
  motors used in hybrid cars.
• However, over 95 of the world's rare earth
  elements are mined in China, and domestic Chinese
  consumption is expected to consume China's entire
  supply by 2012.

15
Political/Economic Obstacles

• Motors must meet certain federal laws for them to
  be produced. Most general-purpose motors sold
  after October 1997 must meet the NEMA (National
  Electrical Manufacturers Association) definition,
  according to federal law.
•  The following are major design and manufacturing
  standards covering electric motors
•  International Electrotechnical Commission IEC
  60034 Rotating Electrical Machines
• National Electrical Manufacturers Association
  (USA) NEMA MG 1 Motors and Generators
• Underwriters Labratories (USA) UL 1004 -
  Standard for Electric Motors

16
Political/Economic Obstacles Con.

• On December 19, 2007, President George W. Bush
  signed into law the Energy Independence and
  Security Act of 2007.
• Similar to its predecessors, the Energy Policy
  Act of 1992, and the Energy Policy Act of 2005,
  and related pieces of legislation dating back to
  the 1970s, the 2007 Act aims to restructure and
  reduce, or at least slow the rate of growth in
  Americas energy consumption.
• Perhaps more importantly for motor users the 2007
  version increases the mandated efficiency of
  electric motors in commercial and industrial
  applications, and expands the range of motors
  that in question. The 2007 Act takes effect on
  December 19, 2010.
• NEMA Premium will become the minimum efficiency
  standard for many motors in 2010, making the U.S.
  standards the highest in the world.

17
http//www.energysmartmotors.org/images/different_
motor.gif
18
http//www.energysmartmotors.org/purchasers/images
/Motor20Graphic202.jpg
19
Negative Environmental Impacts

• Appliances have to get energy from somewhere, and
  the energy comes from power plants. These power
  plants are one main source of air and water
  pollution. They also release radioactive
  materials into the atmosphere.
• Used appliances also produce electronic waste,
  which are discarded, surplus, obsolete, or broken
  electrical or electronic devices.
• The processing of electronic waste in developing
  countries causes serious health and pollution
  problems because electronic equipment contains
  some very serious contaminants such as lead,
  cadmium, beryllium, mercury, and brominated flame
  retardants.
• Even in developed countries recycling and
  disposal of e-waste involves significant risk to
  workers and communities and great care must be
  taken to avoid unsafe exposure in recycling
  operations and leaching of material such as heavy
  metals from landfills and incinerator ashes.

20
Phantom Loads

• The phantom load is the electricity consumed by a
  device when it is turned off.
• For example, your television consumes electricity
  as it waits for you to hit the on button on
  your remote. Your clock uses up energy 24/7 to
  keep track of time.
• Devices that have a phantom load are sometimes
  called vampires. These devices have a hidden
  energy cost that most people are never even aware
  of.
• Nationally, phantom loads make up about six
  percent of our energy consumption. This
  translates into billions of dollars spent and
  countless amounts of pollution emitted into our
  air.

21
How to Deal with Phantom Loads

• Unplug all devices when not in use.
• Alternatively, plug your devices into a power
  strip and turn the strip off when you go to
  sleep.
• Be careful when using cube shaped transformers
  that plug into the wall. They are 60-80
  inefficient when plugged in, so it is especially
  important that these are on power strips.

http//www.howstuffworks.com/inside-transformer.ht
m/printable
22
Improvements

• Increasing the thickness of the copper wires
  wound around the core of the motor. This reduces
  both the electrical resistance losses in the
  wires and the temperature at which the motor
  operates.
• Using more and thinner high-quality steel sheets
  for the main fixed and rotating parts of the
  motor. This also minimizes electrical losses.
• Narrowing the air gap between the spinning and
  stationary motor components, increasing the
  strength of its magnetic field. This lets the
  motor deliver the same output using less power.