Makin’ Hole: The Drilling of Oil Wells

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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
Makin Hole The Drilling of Oil Wells I.
Drilling rigs II. Drilling mechanisms III.
Drilling mud IV. The well below the drilling
floor V. Normal drilling operations VI.
Directions of drilling VII. Bad things that
happen to wells VIII. Fates of wells IX.
Geoscience information from wells
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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs (mud log record
of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a
person called a mud logger) Rate of
penetration or drill-time log Drilling breaks
rapid increases in rate of penetration,
commonly as the result of increased porosity
(but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully
as noted). Cuttings Subject to
frequency of sampling Subject to contamination
from previously-drilled strata (cave) Logged
both as actual arrivals and as inferred lithology
drilled Shows (emissions of gas as
measured by detectors, and oiled-stained
cuttings at detected by fluorescence in
UV) Cores Tripping in and out
lessened circulation Side-wall cores Small
samples Logging while drilling (LWD) (and
logging while tripping) Measurement while
drilling (MWD) Wireline logs Drill stem
tests (DSTs) Packer failure Production
tests Velocity surveys Bottom-hole
temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs (mud log record
of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a
person called a mud logger) Rate of
penetration or drill-time log Drilling breaks
rapid increases in rate of penetration,
commonly as the result of increased porosity
(but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully
as noted). Cuttings Subject to
frequency of sampling Subject to contamination
from previously-drilled strata (cave) Logged
both as actual arrivals and as inferred lithology
drilled Shows (emissions of gas as
measured by detectors, and oiled-stained
cuttings at detected by fluorescence in
UV) Cores Tripping in and out
lessened circulation Side-wall cores Small
samples Logging while drilling (LWD) (and
logging while tripping) Measurement while
drilling (MWD) Wireline logs Drill stem
tests (DSTs) Packer failure Production
tests Velocity surveys Bottom-hole
temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
4
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs (mud log record
of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a
person called a mud logger) Rate of
penetration or drill-time log Drilling breaks
rapid increases in rate of penetration,
commonly as the result of increased porosity
(but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully
as noted). Cuttings Subject to
frequency of sampling Subject to contamination
from previously-drilled strata (cave) Logged
both as actual arrivals and as inferred lithology
drilled Shows (emissions of gas as
measured by detectors, and oiled-stained
cuttings at detected by fluorescence in
UV) Cores Tripping in and out
lessened circulation Side-wall cores Small
samples Logging while drilling (LWD) (and
logging while tripping) Measurement while
drilling (MWD) Wireline logs Drill stem
tests (DSTs) Packer failure Production
tests Velocity surveys Bottom-hole
temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
5
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
6
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs (mud log record
of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a
person called a mud logger) Rate of
penetration or drill-time log Drilling breaks
rapid increases in rate of penetration,
commonly as the result of increased porosity
(but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully
as noted). Cuttings (pieces of rock
generated by bit and flushed up hole). Subject
to frequency of sampling Subject to
contamination from previously-drilled strata
(cave) Logged both as actual arrivals and as
inferred lithology drilled Shows
(emissions of gas as measured by detectors,
and oiled-stained cuttings at detected by
fluorescence in UV) Cores Tripping in
and out lessened circulation Side-wall
cores Small samples Logging while drilling
(LWD) (and logging while tripping) Measurement
while drilling (MWD) Wireline logs Drill
stem tests (DSTs) Packer failure Production
tests Velocity surveys Bottom-hole
temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
7
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs (mud log record
of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a
person called a mud logger) Rate of
penetration or drill-time log Drilling breaks
rapid increases in rate of penetration,
commonly as the result of increased porosity
(but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully
as noted). Cuttings (pieces of rock
generated by bit and flushed up hole). Subject
to frequency of sampling Subject to
contamination from previously-drilled strata
(cave) Logged both as actual arrivals and as
inferred lithology drilled Shows
(emissions of gas as measured by detectors,
and oiled-stained cuttings at detected by
fluorescence in UV) Cores Tripping in
and out lessened circulation Side-wall
cores Small samples Logging while drilling
(LWD) (and logging while tripping) Measurement
while drilling (MWD) Wireline logs Drill
stem tests (DSTs) Packer failure Production
tests Velocity surveys Bottom-hole
temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
8
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
9
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs (mud log record
of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a
person called a mud logger) Rate of
penetration or drill-time log Drilling breaks
rapid increases in rate of penetration,
commonly as the result of increased porosity
(but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully
as noted). Cuttings Subject to
frequency of sampling Subject to contamination
from previously-drilled strata (cave) Logged
both as actual arrivals and as inferred lithology
drilled Shows (emissions of gas as
measured by detectors, and oiled-stained
cuttings at detected by fluorescence in
UV) Cores Tripping in and out
lessened circulation Side-wall cores Small
samples Logging while drilling (LWD) (and
logging while tripping) Measurement while
drilling (MWD) Wireline logs Drill stem
tests (DSTs) Packer failure Production
tests Velocity surveys Bottom-hole
temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
10
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
11
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
12
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
13
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
?
?
Whittaker, 2010, The Online Mudlogging Handbook
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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
?
Whittaker, 2010, The Online Mudlogging Handbook
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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
Whittaker, 2010, The Online Mudlogging Handbook
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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs Cores
Cylinders of rock cut by core-barrel rather than
drill bit Great sources of
lithologic/petrophysical information Not
commonly taken because core barrels only hold 60
feet (thus lots of time in tripping out and in
and out etc.) Not commonly taken because
circulation is diminished while coring
Recovery is usually not 100 Side-wall
cores Small samples taken after
drilling by explosive-propelled cups on a
wireline tool. Logging while drilling (LWD)
(and logging while tripping) Measurement while
drilling (MWD) Wireline logs Drill stem
tests (DSTs) Packer failure Production
tests Velocity surveys Bottom-hole
temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
18
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs Cores
Cylinders of rock cut by core-barrel rather than
drill bit Great sources of
lithologic/petrophysical information Not
commonly taken because core barrels only hold 60
feet (thus lots of time in tripping out and in
and out etc.) Not commonly taken because
circulation is diminished while coring
Recovery is usually not 100 Side-wall
cores Small samples taken after
drilling by explosive-propelled cups on a
wireline tool. Logging while drilling (LWD)
(and logging while tripping) Measurement while
drilling (MWD) Wireline logs Drill stem
tests (DSTs) Packer failure Production
tests Velocity surveys Bottom-hole
temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
19
(No Transcript)
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joshuahicks.us/about_me
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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs Cores
Cylinders of rock cut by core-barrel rather than
drill bit Great sources of
lithologic/petrophysical information Not
commonly taken because core barrels only hold 60
feet (thus lots of time in tripping out and in
and out etc.) Not commonly taken because
circulation is diminished while coring
Recovery is usually not 100 Side-wall
cores Small samples taken after
drilling by explosive-propelled cups on a
wireline tool. Logging while drilling (LWD)
(and logging while tripping) Measurement while
drilling (MWD) Wireline logs Drill stem
tests (DSTs) Packer failure Production
tests Velocity surveys Bottom-hole
temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
22
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
Explosive caps for side-wall core samples
krandeegroup.com/theuvenins_5/album1.html
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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
Side-wall core samples
from the webpages of the Canada-Nova Scotia
Offshore Petroleum Board (www.cnsopb.ns.ca/what_we
_do.php)
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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs Cores Side-wall
cores Drill stem tests (DSTs)
Test of flow rate and pressure in interval of
hole sealed with packer(s) on end of drill
string. Failure of packers against wall
of open hole is a common problem. Wireline
logs Responses from tools/sensors lowered
into the hole on cables and pulled upward.
Detection of electrical, radioactive, acoustic,
and other properties. Logging while drilling
(LWD) (and logging while tripping) Measurement
while drilling (MWD) Production
tests Velocity surveys Bottom-hole
temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
25
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
Assaad 2008
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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs Cores Side-wall
cores Drill stem tests (DSTs)
Test of flow rate and pressure in interval of
hole sealed with packer(s) on end of drill
string. Failure of packers against wall
of open hole is a common problem. Wireline
logs Responses from tools/sensors lowered
into the hole on cables and pulled upward.
Detection of electrical, radioactive, acoustic,
and other properties. Logging while drilling
(LWD) (and logging while tripping) Measurement
while drilling (MWD) Production
tests Velocity surveys Bottom-hole
temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
27
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs Cores Side-wall
cores Drill stem tests (DSTs)
Test of flow rate and pressure in interval of
hole sealed with packer(s) on end of drill
string. Failure of packers against wall
of open hole is a common problem. Wireline
logs Responses from tools/sensors lowered
into the hole on cables and pulled upward.
Detection of electrical, radioactive, acoustic,
and other properties. Logging while drilling
(LWD) (and logging while tripping) Measurement
while drilling (MWD) Production
tests Velocity surveys Bottom-hole
temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
28
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
petrophysicssimlab.com/psl_details.html
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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs Cores Side-wall
cores Drill stem tests (DSTs)
Test of flow rate and pressure in interval of
hole sealed with packer(s) on end of drill
string. Failure of packers against wall
of open hole is a common problem. Wireline
logs Responses from tools/sensors lowered
into the hole on cables and pulled upward.
Detection of electrical, radioactive, acoustic,
and other properties. Logging while drilling
(LWD) (and logging while tripping) Measurement
while drilling (MWD) Production
tests Velocity surveys Bottom-hole
temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
30
Rigzone
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Logging-while-drilling technology
Rigzone
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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
Measurement-while-drilling technology
Rigzone
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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from
wells Information on mud logs Cores Side-wall
cores Drill stem tests (DSTs) Wireline
logs Logging while drilling (LWD) (and logging
while tripping) Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Production tests Measurement of rate of
flow from bottom of hole or from perforations
of casing. Vertical seismic profiles Measureme
nt of travel time of seismic pulses from
surface to bottom of hole. Bottom-hole
temperatures (BHTs) Measurement of
temperature Problem circulation of mud and
movement of tool stir mud, disturbing
equilibrium distribution of temperature.
34
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
www.geo.wvu.edu/jtoro/Petroleum/Review203.htmlm
aps
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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from
wells Information on mud logs Cores Side-wall
cores Drill stem tests (DSTs) Wireline
logs Logging while drilling (LWD) (and logging
while tripping) Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Production tests Measurement of rate of
flow from bottom of hole or from perforations
of casing. Vertical seismic profiles Measureme
nt of travel time of seismic pulses from
surface to bottom of hole. Bottom-hole
temperatures (BHTs) Measurement of
temperature Problem circulation of mud and
movement of tool stir mud, disturbing
equilibrium distribution of temperature.
36
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL
4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs Cores Side-wall
cores Drill stem tests (DSTs) Wireline
logs Logging while drilling (LWD and
LWT) Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Production tests Vertical seismic
profiles Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs)