Paleolithic and Neolithic

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Paleolithic and Neolithic

• World History
• SOL WHI.2a,b,c,d

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Essential Questions

• How did physical geography influence the lives of
  early humans?
• What were the characteristics of hunter gatherer
  societies?
• How did the beginning of agriculture and the
  domestication of animals promote the rise of
  settled communities?
• How does archaeology provide knowledge of early
  human life and its changes?

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Archaeology

• Archaeologists study past cultures by locating
  and analyzing human remains, settlements,
  fossils, and artifacts.
• Artifacts can be tools, weapons, clothing,
  pottery, and jewelry.
• By analyzing artifacts archaeologists draw
  conclusions about the beliefs, values, and
  activities of our ancestors.

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Archaeology

• Archaeologists have devised many useful
  techniques. They pick a likely spot to dig and
  the deeper they dig, the older the artifacts they
  find.
• Archaeologists make detailed maps of every
  artifact they find. This helps them draw
  conclusions about how a site changed over time.
• Archaeologists can also use carbon dating to
  analyze fossils and artifacts.

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Diagram of Igbo Burial
Archaeologists diagram of an Igbo burial site in
Africa. By analyzing the artifacts in
this burial we can make educated hypotheses about
how the Igbo lived, their level of
technology, and trade patterns in the area.
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Archaeology

• The following are a few examples of important
  archaeological sites around the world.
• Stonehenge - A site in England that began in the
  Neolithic and ended in the Bronze Age.
• Aleppo and Jericho - Early cities in the Fertile
  Crescent.
• C. Catal Huyuk - Neolithic settlement in modern
  day Turkey.

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Stonehenge
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Catal Huyuk
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Catal Huyuk
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Catal Huyuk
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Homo Sapiens

• Homo Sapiens emerged in East Africa between
  100,000 - 400,000 years ago.
• Homo Sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia,
  Australia, and the Americas
• Early humans were hunters and gatherers whose
  survival depended on the availability of wild
  plants and animals.

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Human Migration
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Paleolithic

• Hunter gatherer societies during the Paleolithic
• Were nomadic
• Invented the first tools, including simple
  weapons
• Learned how to make and use fire
• Lived in clans
• Developed oral language and created cave art

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Glyptodon Hunt
During the Paleolithic people hunted many large
animals that are now extinct.
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Paleolithic Tools
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Cave Art
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Neolithic

• Societies during the Neolithic Age
• Developed agriculture
• Domesticated plants and animals
• Used advanced tools such as the chisel, hoe,
  potters wheel, and yoke
• Made pottery
• Developed weaving

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Neolithic

• About 11,000 years ago nomadic bands learned how
  to farm. By producing their own food they could
  remain in one place. Farmers settled permanent
  villages and developed a new range of skills and
  tools.
• People also learned to domesticate, or tame, some
  animals they had once hunted. They then herded
  these animals and penned them in enclosures.

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Neolithic House
Neolithic site in Scotland
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Neolithic House
Reconstruction of Neolithic house in Bosnia
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Neolithic House
Depiction of life in Catal Huyuk, Turkey
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Neolithic Diagram
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Neolithic Chart