Myths & Facts Of Heart

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Myths Facts Of Heart

• Dr. Vijay Dikshit (M.S., M.Ch, FICC)
• Chief Cardiac Surgeon
• Apollo Hospitals
• Hyderabad

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Normal Heart
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Diseases of Heart

• Congenital (Birth defects)
• Valve diseases
• Coronary Artery Diseases

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NORMAL CORONARY ANATOMY
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Coronary Heart Disease(Plaque, Atherosclerosis)
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What Is Heart Attack?

• Coronary artery becomes blocked - usually by a
  clot.
• Blood flow is closed off and a heart attack
  begins.
• If blockage continues, parts of the heart muscle
  start to die.
• Heart may stop beating.

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Heart Attack
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Presentation Of CAD

• No symptoms
• Angina
• Heart attack
• Sudden death

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Myocardial Infarction or Heart Attack

• Symptoms
• Uncomfortable pressure
• Fullness
• Squeezing pain
• Pain spreading to the shoulders
• Neck and arms
• Chest discomfort and light headedness
• Anxiety / nervousness
• sweating

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Cardiac Misconceptions

• Heart disease is caused by stress worry or
  overwork
• If youve had a heart attack you are bound to die
  of heart disease
• Rest restores the heart
• Any excitement or shock could cause another heart
  attack

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Risk Factors Of Coronary Artery Diseases

• Major
• Diabetes
• High Blood Pressure
• Abnormal Cholesterol
• Family History
• Smoking
• STRESS

• Minor
• Obesity
• Inactivity
• Diet
• Gout
• Hormonal Disorders

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Changeable Risk Factors

• Hypertension
• Serum cholesterol
• Obesity
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Physical Inactivity
• Cigarette Smoking
• Alcohol Intake

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Non Modifiable Risk Factors

• Age
• Family History
• Gender

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ECG

• Normal ECG does not mean a normal heart
• ECG indicates the condition of the heart at the
  time of recording.
• ECG does not have any prognostic value

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TMT
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Coronary Angiography
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C.T Coronary Angiogram
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Prevention Of CAD

• Diet
• Cholesterol
• Exercise
• Smoking
• Alcohol
• Stress

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Diet and Prevention of CAD

• High fiber low fat
• Predominantly vegetarian food
• Choose nonfat or low-fat products.
• Use lean meats - choose chicken, fish, turkey
• Switch to fat-free milk - gradually reduce the
  fat
• content of the milk you drink.

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Cholesterol

• Everybody needs cholesterol, it serves a vital
  function in the body.
• It is a component of the nerve tissue of the
  brain and spinal cord as well as other major
  organs.
• Frequently measured to promote health and prevent
  disease.
• A major component of the plaque that clogs
  arteries.

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Types of Cholesterol

• Lipoproteins - 4 main classes
• Chylomicrons
• Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)
• Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
• High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

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The Facts About Fat

• Certain fats are essential for good nutrition and
  health.
• Fats provide essential fatty acids which the body
  cant manufacture.
• Act as insulators to maintain body temperature.
• Improve the palatability of food and promote
  digestion.

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Cholesterol Level
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Good Cholesterol

• HDL is known as the good cholesterol.
• It helps carry some of the bad cholesterol out of
  the body.
• It does not have the tendency to clog arteries.
• Levels should be gt35.
• High levels of HDL gt60 can actually negate one
  other risk factor.

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Bad Cholesterol

• LDL is known as bad cholesterol. It has a
  tendency to increase risk of CHD.
• LDLs are a major component of the
  atherosclerotic plaque that clogs arteries.
• Levels should be lt130

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Exercise and CVD

• Serves several functions in preventing and
  treating those at high risk.
• Reduces incidence of obesity.
• Increases HDL
• Lowers LDL and total cholesterol
• Helps control diabetes and hypertension
• Those at high risk should take part in a
  specially supervised program.

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Cigarette Smoking

• Causes an increase in blood pressure
• Lowers the levels of HDL
• Within 1 year of quitting, CAD risk decreases,
  within 2 years it reaches the level of a
  nonsmoker.

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Alcohol Consumption

• In small amounts it acts as a vasodilator.
• In large amounts it acts as a vasoconstrictor
  adds to the caloric intake
• The good Bad affects of Alcohol are divided
  with a very fine line!

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Treatment

• Drugs
• Angioplasty Stent
• Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

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Angioplasty Stent (PTCA)
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Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG)

• The most frequently performed major surgery.
• Surgery reroutes or Bypasses blood around clogged
  arteries.

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Operating Room
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Robotic Surgery
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Conclusion

• Coronary Artery Disease is highest among Indians.
• It is highly preventable and controllable with
  diet and exercise.
• With present treatment of Angioplasty Coronary
  Bypass Surgery person can live long and fruitful
  life

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