Chapter 2 Our Sexual and Reproductive Anatomy

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Chapter 2Our Sexual and Reproductive Anatomy

• For use with text,
• Human Sexuality Today,
• 5th edition.
• Bruce M. King
• Slides by Callista Lee

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Body language

• Slang terms for the genitalia are more often used
  by men than by women.
• What are some common themes in slang terms for
  womens genitals? For mens genitals?
• Why are slang terms for the genitals and for
  sexual behavior also used terms of general
  displeasure or aggression?

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External female genitalia

• Vulva is the term used to refer to the external
  female genitalia, including the mons veneris,
  labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vaginal
  opening and urethral opening.
• It is common for people to say vagina when
  referring to what is between a womans legs but
  the correct term is vulva.
• The anus is also between a womans legs but is
  not considered to be a part of the vulva.

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The Vulva
The labia are parted to show the vaginal and
urethral openings.
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Feelings about ones genitalia are related to
enjoyment of sexual activity.

• Mons Veneris why pubic hair?
• Labia Majora protective outer lips that cover
  sensitive inner tissues
• Labia Minora Hottentot Aprons
• Bartholins Glands friends to sperm
• Urethral opening rarely noticed, between
  clitoris and vagina
• Perineum the pelvic floor

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The clitoris as many nerve endings as an entire
penis!

• Clitoral hood where the labia minora meet at
  the top to form a touch-sensitive covering for
  the clitoris
• Clitoris a glans, a shaft and even legs, all
  containing erectile tissue
• Clitoral circumcision female genital mutilation
  designed to keep women from experiencing too
  much sexual pleasure in some cultures

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The vaginal opening

• Vestibular bulbs beside the vaginal opening swell
  with blood during sexual arousal to help the
  vagina grip the penis.
• Bulbocavernosus muscle surrounds the vagina
  keeping it loosely closed most of the time.
• The hymen is a thin membrane that only partially
  seals the vagina. It may break open on its own
  during childhood and so is not a proof of
  virginity.

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The breasts

• Sexy in most Western cultures
• Estrogen in boys may cause gynecomastia
• 15 20 mammary glands each with its own duct in
  the nipple, regardless of bra size
• The areola has a breastfeeding function
• Fatty tissue between the glands, determined
  primarily by heredity, affects breast size

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Breast augmentation

• Exercises and lotions do not work
• Cosmetic surgery is still surgery
• 25 of women who receive breast implants
  (silicone or saline) will develop painful fibrous
  capsules around the implants that make the
  breasts hard, tight and unnatural in appearance,
  requiring additional surgery.

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Breast cancer and examination

• Self-exams monthly, after menstruation
• Mammograms baseline at age 35, every 1-2 years
  in your 40s and annually after age 50
• 96 survival rate with early detection
• Simple mastectomy is as effective as the radical
  mastectomy
• A positive attitude and reassurance help

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Breast self-examination
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Internal female anatomy

• Vagina a sheath-like canal extending from the
  vulva to the cervix
• Elastic walls does one size fit all?
• Highly vascularized
• Lubricates in response to sexual arousal
• A self-cleaning organ with a natural musky odor
• Douching interferes with the natural chemical
  environment and can lead to serious health
  problems

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More about the vagina

• Pubococcygeus (PC) muscle surrounds the vagina
  practice your Kegel exercises for sexual
  satisfaction and urinary control.
• The vaginal opening is very sensitive to touch
  but the inner 2/3 have very few nerve endings.
• The G-Spot exception a highly sensitive area on
  the anterior wall about 1/3 of the way into the
  vagina noticed by about 10 of women.

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Internal female organs, side view
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Internal female organs, frontal view
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The Uterus tiny but powerful

• Cervix the narrow end of the uterus projecting
  into the back of the vagina
• Perimetrium the outer layer
• Myometrium strong muscled middle layer
• Endometrium innermost layer that grows thicker
  between menstrual periods and sloughs off at
  menstruation

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Fallopian Tubes

• Fingerlike fimbria brush against the ovary to
  find the egg at ovulation
• Site of fertilization of the egg by the sperm
• Cilia within the tube move the egg toward the
  uterus
• Ectopic (tubal) pregnancies
• Tubal ligation sterilization

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The Ovaries

• Female gonads produce ova (eggs) and hormones
  (estrogen and progesterone).
• At birth a girls ovaries already contain all of
  her 300,000 - 400,000 immature ova.
• Only about 400 will ever fully mature
• From primary follicle to Graafian follicle to
  ovulation

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Gynecological examination
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Gynecological cancers

• Cervical cancer and the Human Papillomavirus
• Pap smear a simple test for cervical cancer
• 60,000 new cervical cancer cases each year
• 40,100 cases of cancer of the endometrium are
  diagnosed every year
• Ovarian cancer is rare but difficult to detect in
  its early stages
• Many ovarian cysts are benign

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External male anatomy

• Penis reproductive, urinary and sexual
• Average size flaccid 3.75 inches x 1.2 inches
• Average size erect 6 inches x 1.5 inches
• The foreskin protects the glans penis from
  abrasions and dryness
• The scrotum holds the testicles outside of the
  body cavity for optimal sperm development.

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External male genitalia
Circumcised (left) and natural (right)
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Male Circumcision

• History ancient Egyptians and Greeks
• Religion Jews and Muslims
• Culture Puberty rites
• Victorian Era fears about masturbation
• The battle of smegma vs. soap and water
• Pediatricians oppose routine circumcisions in
  countries where good hygiene and adequate medical
  care exist

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Internal structures, side view
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The man insidedetails, details

• Penis glans, shaft and root
• Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
• Tumescence (erection) and detumescence
• Corona most sensitive part of the penis
• Urethra one opening and two functions
• Peyronies Disease
• Normal curvature

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Testicles and testimony

• Male gonads create sperm and male hormones
• Epididymis where sperm wait for orgasm
• Vas Deferens from testicle, up and over the
  bladder and through the prostate gland
• Vasectomy
• Ejaculatory ducts taking the sperm out to the
  urethra
• Urethra one passageway for two functions

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Internal male structures
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Semen is just 1 sperm

• Seminal vessicles two little structures that
  contribute about 70 of seminal volume
• Prostate gland about 30 of semen
• Cowpers (aka Bulbourethral) glands two
  pea-sized structures that secrete an alkaline
  fluid to clean the urethra prior to orgasm
• One reason withdrawal isnt reliable

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Cancers of the Testes and Prostate

• Prostatitis vs. Prostate Cancer
• Prostate Cancer 17 men by age 85
• Rectal exams and PSA blood tests
• Prevention reduce fat and increase exercise
• Testicular cancer is most likely between ages 20
  40
• Self-examination can detect testicular cancer in
  its early stages

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Testicular self-exam
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Sexiest organ The brain

• Cerebral cortex thinking and reasoning
• Limbic system emotions and sexual desire
• Hypothalamus Sexual desire, sexual orientation,
  gender identity directs the Pituitary Gland
• Pituitary Gland hormones that drive the
  reproductive system

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The human brain
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Our Sexual Bodies

• The five senses
• Primary erogenous zones because were human
• Secondary erogenous zones learned through
  experience or socialization
• Self-concept and body image
• Cultural norms kissing, breasts, body fat