Chapter 3 Cognitive Therapy Identify the key tenets of

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• Chapter 3 Cognitive Therapy

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• Identify the key tenets of cognitive therapy
• Recognize the contributions of Beck, Ellis, and
  Young to the development of cognitive therapy
• Explain the techniques of cognitive therapy
• Recall the empirical support for cognitive therapy

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• The most rapidly growing psychotherapy in the
  world today (Prochaska Norcross, 2007)

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• Ellis
• Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
• A philosophical approach
• Epictetus People are not disturbed by things,
  but by the view they take of them.
• Core principle of demandings or shoulds and
  musts
• Move people from demanding to preferring
• Directly challenging clients beliefs
• ABCDE

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• Beck
• the father of cognitive therapy
• A personal scientist model
• Focused on collaborative exploration of clients
  beliefs through experimentation and Socratic
  questioning
• Schemas mental blueprints
• 5 types
• Cognitive
• Affective
• Motivational wishes and desires
• Instrumental
• Control inhibit or direct behavior

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• Schemas have
• Breadth amount of psychological terrain covered
  in a schema
• Flexibility or rigidity
• Valence level of activation at any given time
• Cognitive vulnerabilities susceptibility to
  certain stressors

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• Humans favor assimilation over accommodation,
  i.e. they will strive to maintain rather than
  change existing schemas
• Constructivism narratives more optimistic and
  flexible view of human agency

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• Cognitive Distortions
• Arbitrary inference
• Conclusion not supported by existing evidence
• Selective abstraction
• Conceptualizing based on a detail
• Overgeneralization
• Creating a rule based on only one (or few)
  incidents
• Magnification/Minimization
• Personalization
• Dichotomous (polarized) thinking
• Interpreting in terms of extremes
• Incorrect assessment of danger versus safety
• Sensing risk as dangerously high

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• Therapist as collaborator, not expert
• Therapeutic alliance
• Collaborative empiricism
• Socratic dialogue
• Automatic thoughts and daily thought record
• Downward arrow/vertical descent
• Homework

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• Definition of schema
• Early maladaptive schemas
• Disconnection and rejection
• Impaired autonomy and performance
• Impaired limits
• Other directedness
• Overvigilance and inhibition
• Cognitive approach in schema therapy testing
  veracity of schemas

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Strategies and Interventions

• Defining terms
• Examining the evidence
• Testing the thoughts
• Generating alternatives
• Maladaptive vs. inaccurate beliefs
• Cost-benefit analysis
• Positive reframing
• Examining the logic of thoughts
• Creating a pie chart showing the factors involved
  in a problem
• Downward arrow what would be so bad if thoughts
  were true
• Double standard
• Daily log
• Distinguishing possibility from probability

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Strategies and interventions

• Examining the feared fantasy
• Maladaptive assumptions
• Examining the patients value system
• Distinguishing progress from perfection
• Borrowing someone elses perspective
• Core schemas
• Historical identification of the schema sources
• Imagery and emotions
• Imagery restructuring
• Letter writing
• Schema dialogues
• homework

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• Rooted in scientific tradition since inception
• One of the most well studied psychotherapies
• Very effective across a wide range of problems
  from severe psychopathology to more minor issues
  like marital distress