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Intrinsic Motivation and the Process of
Learning Beneficial Effects of
Contextualization, Personalization, and the
Choice
Diana I. Cordova and Mark R.
Lepper Journal of Educational Psychology 1996,
Vol. 88, No. 4, 715-730 Presented by
Youngmee Choi

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Goals

• Issue-recognizing coach motivational
  enhancements environment
• Explore effects of different motivational
  enhancements to an educational game
• Contextualization, Personlization, Choice
• Measure impact on student
• Learning
• Intrinsic motivation Direct relative enjoyment
• Longer term motivation Self-competence
  aspiration for future challenge
• Task involvement

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Experimental Method

• Participants
• 4th 5th graders 70 students
• 5 Conditions
• No Fantasy control, Generic Fantasy-No Choice,
  Generic Fantasy-Choice, Personalized Fantasy-No
  Choice, Personalized Fantasy-Choice
• Procedure(5 sessions)
• Pre-test, Interest questionnaire, Play Space
  Quest or Math Game, Play Treasure Hunt or
  Math Game, Post-test

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Achieving Fantasy Effects

• Two fantasies
• Space Quest Treasure Hunt
• Changes
• Start page included title relevant icons
• Prologue Intro characters mission
• Game board changes Intergalactic trail from
  Earth to Planet Ektar

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Achieving Personalization Effects

• Use interest questionnaire from day 1
• Change in prologue
• Its childs bday, 1044. your crew 3
  friends necessary supplies 3 favorite foods
  toys Commander nickname
• Use childs name for various events
• Each turn Commander Peters turn
• Landing on intergalactic tunnel, on Earth
• Landing on Space Station
• You landed on the space station, Commander
  Peter. You are now resupplied withchilds 3
  favorite foods

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Achieving Student Choice effects

• Students make the following choices
• Select the icon to represent them
• Name their space vehicle
• Select icon for alien (opponent)
• Name their opponent
• Select starting point for the two shortcuts on
  board

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Conclusion

• Motivational enhancements can have a dramatic
  effect
• Not only on motivation, but also on learning
• Contextualizing, personalizing, choice all
  provided enhancement
• Possible with minimal modifications
• General principle
• Maximize match between motivating activity
  actions relevant to learning

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Future Works

• How could we make use of such results in
  cognitive tutors?
• Fantasy --gt Context problem
• Survey students interests
• Incorporate in problems
• Feedback