IBNU KHALDUN ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? A PHILOSOPHER, SOCIOLOGIST AND SOCIAL SCIENTIST

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IBNU KHALDUN??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????
??????? A PHILOSOPHER, SOCIOLOGIST AND SOCIAL
SCIENTIST

• Juffri Supaat Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

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Scope

1. As An Individual A Muslim Scholar
2. The Community Structure, Norms and Development
3. Nature of the Information SourcesOrthodox,
   Philosophy Intellectual Sciences
4. ConclusionWhat can we learnt

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Ibnu Khaldun

• As An Individual
• A Muslim Scholar

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Biography
Arab Scholar Medieval era Arab Scholar Medieval era
Name Ibn Khaldun Abu Zayd Abdu r-Ra?man bin Mu?ammad bin Khaldun al-?a?rami
Birth 27 May, 1332/732 AH
Death 19 March, 1406/808 AH
School / Tradition Ash'ari It was instrumental in drastically changing the direction of Islamic theology, separating its development radically from that of theology in the Christian world.
Main Interests Sociology, History, Historiography, Demography, Economics, Philosophy of History,
Notable Ideas Asabiyah
Influences Al-Razi a fundamental and enduring contributions to the fields of medicine, alchemy, and philosophy, recorded in over 184 books and articles in various fields of science.
Influenced Al-Maqrizi, Social sciences remarkable in this context for his unusually keen interest in the Ismaili Fatimid dynasty and its role in Egyptian history
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Quotation attributed to Ibn Khaldun

• "He who finds a new path is a pathfinder, even if
  the trail has to be found again by others and he
  who walks far ahead of his contemporaries is a
  leader, even though centuries pass before he is
  recognized as such."

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About Ibnu Khaldun

• Abu Zayd 'Abd al-Rahman Ibnu Khaldun
• received a good education.
• served as assistant and secretary to several
  government officials.
• career was dependent on the good will of his
  superiors,
• changed jobs frequently when political winds
  shifted.
• led an extremely eventful life, traveling to,
  among other places, Mecca, Damascus. Palestine
  and Seville, and occasionally finding enough
  leisure time to teach, study, and write.
• Among the notable personalities Ibn Khaldun
  encountered in his adventures were King Pedro I
  of Castile and Timur.

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Education Early Years

• Family social and political activist
• received a classical Arabic education,
• studying the Qur'an and Arabic linguistics, the
  basis for an understanding of the Qur'an, Hadith
  1 and Fiqh 2
• mathematics, logic and philosophy
• lost both his parents to an epidemic of the
  plague which hit Tunis, when he was 17 years old
• In a typical Muslim family, follow family
  tradition is common, that is where he strove for
  a political career
• And he life adventure begin, in which he spends
  time in prison, reaches the highest offices and
  falls again into exile.
• 1 Hadith relating to the words and deeds of
  Prophet Muhammad.
• 2 Fiqh is an expansion of Islamic law,
  complemented by the rulings of Islamic jurists to
  direct the lives of Muslim

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His writing

• most significant work is the Muqaddimah.
• "introduction" to history, he discussed
  historical method and provided the necessary
  criteria for distinguishing historical truth from
  error.
• considered one of the most phenomenal works on
  the philosophy of history ever written where he
  related the social impact of a community or
  event.
• In this action, this play a big impact to the
  Muslim society, where we are going to share about
  the Muqaddimah and the sociological view.

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His Adventure

• continued education, social and political began
• play an important role in the political
  leadership of Sevilla

• Become a judge and held post in may courts of the
  Maghrib Andalunisa (Spain)
• one reasons why he have travel because he to
  find that scholar from that institution in order
  to fulfill his knowledge desire

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Ibnu Khaldun

• The Community
• Structure, Norms and Development

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Muqaddimah

• What is Muqaddima?
• Teaching is a Craft
• An important role in providing conceptual and
  paradigmatic frameworks as well as an
  epistemological foundation of the study of human
  society.

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THE MAGNUM OPUS "AL-MUQADDIMAH"

• This impressive document is a gist of his wisdom
  and hard earned experience.
• use his political and first had knowledge of the
  people of Maghrib to formulate many of his ideas.
• discussion of Tribal societies and social forces
  would be the most interesting part of his thesis.
• His theories of the science of Umran (sociology)
  are all pearls of wisdom

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The Structure of Muqaddimah

• Chap 1 Human civilization in general
• Chap 2 Bedouin civilization, savage nation and
  tribes and their condition of life, including
  several basic and explanatory statements
• Chap 3 On dynasties, royal authority, the
  caliphate, government ranks and all the goes with
  these things (basic supplementary propositions)

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The Structure of Muqaddimah

• Chap 4 Countries cities and all forms
  sedentary civilization. The conditions occuring
  there. Primary and secondary considerations in
  this connection
• Chap 5 On the various aspects of making a
  living, such as profit and the crafts. The
  conditions that occur in this connection. A
  number of problems are connected with this
  subject.
• Chap 6 The various kinds of sciences. The
  methods of instruction. The conditions that
  obtain in these condition

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The Norms

• Sedentary cultural is the goal of civilisation.
• The end of its life span and brings about it
  corruption
• Cities that are the seats of royal authority fall
  into ruin when ruling dynasty crumbles and falls
  into ruin
• Certain Cities have crafts that others lack

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The Norms

• The existence of group feeling in cities and the
  superiority of the inhabitants over others
• The dialects of the urban population

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The Community

• Nomadic (al-umran al-badawi)

• Sedentary societies (al-umran al-hadari)

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Relevance to Contemporary Sociology

• Ibnu Khaldun and Auguste Comte
• Both emphasized a historical method did not
  propose statistical methods
• Both distinguished their sciences from what
  proceeded them
• Both believed human nature in the same everywhere
• Both recognised the importance of social change

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Ibnu Khaldun

• Nature of the Information Sources

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Orthodox Philosophy

• Orthodox
• Believe the ultimate truth about man and society
  must referred to the
• Quran,
• the prophetic tradition (hadith) and (fiqih)

• Philosophy
• Primary of rational inquiry over revelation in
  both the theoretical practical sciences

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The Various Kinds of Intellectual Sciences

• Logic
• Metaphysical Spiritual Matters
• Physics

• Mathematical Sciences
• Geometry
• Arithmetic
• Music
• Astronomy

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Ibnu Kaldun

• Conclusion Discussion
• What can we learnt