Deviance and Social Control

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Deviance and Social Control

• Preview
• Section 1 Deviance
• Section 2 Crime
• Chapter Wrap-Up

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Section 1 Deviance

• Read to Discover
• What are the nature and social functions of
  deviance?
• How do the theories that have been proposed to
  explain deviance compare?

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Section 1 Deviance
Nature of Deviance

• Deviance Behavior that violates significant
  social norms
• Because there are so many norms governing
  behavior, occasional violations are unavoidable.
• What is considered deviant varies from society to
  society, from time period to time period, and
  from situation to situation.

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Section 1 Deviance
Labeling Deviance

1. Person must be detected committing a serious
   deviant act (such as murder) or a series of minor
   deviant acts (such as speeding) labeling only
   occurs if the behavior is known to other people
2. Social stigmatization must occur, the application
   of a mark of social disgrace that sets the
   deviant apart from the rest of society

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Section 1 Deviance
Social Functions of Deviance

• Clarifying Normsdefines the boundaries of
  acceptable behavior punishment of norm violators
  warns others that certain behaviors will not be
  tolerated
• Unifying the Groupserves to draw the line
  between conforming members of society and
  outsidersthe nonconforming members

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Section 1 Deviance
Social Functions of Deviance

• Diffusing Tensionminor acts of deviance allow
  individuals to relieve tension without disrupting
  the basic fabric of society
• Promoting Social Changecan help prompt social
  change by identifying problem areas
• Providing Jobsmonitoring and punishing deviance
  provides legitimate jobs for a wide range of
  people

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Section 1 Deviance
Question What theories have been proposed to
explain deviance?
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Section 1 Deviance

• Functionalistsnatural outgrowth of the values,
  norms, and structures of society
• Conflict Theoristsresult of competition and
  social inequality
• Interactionistseither natural in people with
  weak ties to the community (control theory), a
  learned behavior (cultural transmission theory),
  or a consequence of labeling (labeling theory)

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Section 1 Deviance
Perspective
Theory
Questions
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Section 2 Crime

• Read to Discover
• What are the principal types of crime in the
  United States?
• What are the characteristics of the American
  criminal-justice system?

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Section 2 Crime
Principal Types of Crime in the U.S.

• Violent Crimeincludes murder, robbery most
  victims are African Americans
• Crime Against Propertyincludes burglary,
  larceny, vehicle theft more common than violent
  crimes
• Victimless Crimeincludes prostitution, gambling,
  illegal drug use offender is the only victim

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Section 2 Crime
Principal Types of Crime in the U.S.

• White Collar Crimecommitted by high-status
  individuals in the course of their professions
  includes fraud, tax evasion, embezzlement
• Organized Crimethe pursuit of crime by a
  large-scale organization as a big business

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Section 2 Crime
Question What are some characteristics of the
American criminal-justice system?
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Section 2 Crime
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Section 2 Crime

• Policehave most immediate control over who is
  arrested for a criminal act use police
  discretion, which has raised the controversial
  issue of racial profiling
• Courtsdetermine the guilt or innocence of an
  accused person by means of a trial and assign
  some form of punishment if there is a guilty
  finding actually settle 90 percent of cases
  through plea bargaining
• Correctionssanctions include probation,
  imprisonment, parole serve four
  functionsretribution, deterrence,
  rehabilitation, and social protection
• Juvenile-Justice Systemused to punish offenders
  younger than age 18 guarantees juvenile
  defendants the same legal rights and privileges
  as adults often provides more services

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Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding Main Ideas

1. What are the functions of deviance?
2. How does labeling theory differ from other
   theories of deviance?
3. Describe the five general categories of crime. Be
   sure to list the types of crime in each category.
4. What purposes does the corrections system
   fulfill? How does the juvenile-justice system
   meet these same purposes?