Computer Class Presentation-3

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• Presentation 3

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Measures and Properties of Electricity

• Electrical energy properties are measured in
  various ways
• Volt
• Amp
• Ohm
• Watt

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AC and DC

• Alternating Current (AC) cycles back and
  forthCorriente alterna (AC) ciclos de ida y
  vuelta
• Efficient method for transmission of electricity
• Direct Current (DC) travels in one direction
• DC is required by most electronic devices
• Rectifier device that converts alternating
  current to direct current
• dispositivo que convierte la corriente alterna
  a corriente directa
• Transformer a device that changes the ratio of
  current to voltage
• un dispositivo que cambia la relación de
  corriente a voltaje

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AC and DC (continued)
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Hot, Neutral and Ground (continued)
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Some Common Electronic Components

• Transistor gate or switch for electrical signal
  that can amplify flow of electricity
• puerta o el interruptor de la señal eléctrica
  que puede amplificar el flujo de electricidad
• Capacitor can hold electrical charge and smooth
  the uneven flow of electricity
• puede almacenar carga eléctrica y facilitan el
  flujo irregular de la electricidad
• Diode allows electricity to flow in one
  direction can be used to convert AC to DC
• permite que la electricidad fluya en una
  dirección, se puede utilizar para convertir CA en
  CC
• Resistor limits amount of current that can flow
  through it
• limita la cantidad de corriente que puede fluir
  a través de ella

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Some Common Electronic Components (continued)
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Protecting Your Computer

• Static Electricity
• Control devices
• Ground bracelet or static strap
• Ground mats
• Static shielding bags
• Touch computer case or power supply before you
  touch a component

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Protecting Your Computer (continued)
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Protecting Your Computer (continued)
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Protecting Your Computer (continued)
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Surge Protection and Battery Backup

• Surge Suppressors
• Power Conditioners
• Uninterruptible Power Supply
• The Smart UPS

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Surge Suppressors

• Provides row of power outlets and on/off switch
  that protects from overvoltages on AC power lines
  and telephone lines
• Proporciona fila de tomas de corriente y de
  encendido / apagado, que protege contra
  sobretensiones en las líneas de energía AC y las
  líneas telefónicas

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Power Conditioners

• Provide protection against spikes
• Also regulate or condition power
• También regulan o condiciionan la potencia
• Provide continuous voltage during brownouts

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Uninterruptible Power Supply

• Provides backup power when AC fails
• Offers some filtering of the AC
• Conditions line for both brownouts and spikes
• Protects against very high spikes that could
  damage equipment

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Uninterruptible Power Supply (continued)
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The Smart UPS

• Controlled by software through USB or parallel
  port connection to PC
• Offers diagnosis of UPS
• Monitors quality of electricity received
• Monitor of load carried during a blackout
• Send shutdown alarms during blackout
• Remote startup of system through phone lines

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What to Consider When Buying a UPS

• Cost
• Battery charger operation
• UPS rating compared to total VA or wattage output
• Degree of line conditioning
• Warranty and service policies
• Guarantee

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What to Consider When Buying a UPS (continued)
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The Computer Case and Form Factors

• Form factors describe the size, shape and general
  makeup of a hardware component
• Form factors of motherboard, power supply and
  case must match

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The Computer Case and Form Factors (continued)

• Matching form factors assures
• Motherboard fits the case
• Power supply provides correct voltage and
  connects to the board
• Holes in motherboard align with case
• Holes in case align with ports in motherboard
• For some form factors, wires for switches and
  lights match with connections on motherboard

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Case, Power Supply, and Motherboard Form Factors

• Form Factor
• Baby AT Form Factor
• ATX Form Factor
• NLX Form Factor

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AT Form Factor

• Motherboard measures 12 x 13.8
• Cannot be used with smaller AT cases or newer ATX
  cases
• Difficult to install, service and upgrade
• CPU is placed on motherboard in front of
  expansion slots
• Limits card length
• Two power connections
• Not widely produced today

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Case, Power Supply and Motherboard Form Factors
(continued)
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Case, Power Supply and Motherboard Form Factors
(continued)
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Baby AT Form Factor

• Fits many cases, including newer ATX
• Size is 13 x 8.7
• Industry standard 1993 to 1997
• Power supply blew air out of case

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ATX Form Factor

• Most common, open, nonproprietary configuration
  developed by Intel in 1995
• Measures 12 x 9.6
• Power supply and motherboard use a single power
  connector, the P1 connector
• Power supply blows air out of case

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ATX Form Factor (continued)
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NLX Form Factor

• Low-end personal computer motherboards
• Low-profile cases
• Motherboard has only one expansion slot
• Designed to be flexible and use space efficiently

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NLX Form Factor (continued)
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Types of Cases

• Desktop Cases
• Tower Cases
• Notebook Cases

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Desktop Cases

• Classic case with four drive bays and six
  expansion slots
• Motherboard is on bottom of case
• Power supply is near the back

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Desktop Cases (continued)
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Tower Cases

• Often used for servers and PCs users anticipating
  upgrading
• Maximum space for working and moving components
• Midsize, or miditowers, are most popular
• Six expansion slots, four drive bays
• Minitower, or microtower, is the smallest
• Does not provide room for expansion

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Tower Cases (continued)
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Tower Cases (continued)
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Notebook Cases

• Portable computers with all components of a
  desktop computer
• Difficulties in expansion
• Designs are often highly proprietary
• Designs focus on
• Conserving space
• Portability
• Use of less power
• Producing less heat

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Cases (continued)
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Detecting and Correcting Power Supply Problems

• Upgrading Your Power Supply
• May be necessary when adding new devices
• Run new devices at same time
• Look for errors when both are working at same
  time
• Estimate total wattage by adding required amount
  for each device together

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Introduction to Troubleshooting

• Determine if PC boots properly
• Look for error messages
• If boot is ok, troubleshoot from there

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Introduction to Troubleshooting (continued)
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Troubleshooting the Power System

• Odors, connections and power, loose cables
• Switches on Computer, Monitor, Surge protector,
  UPS, Circuit breaker, wall outlet
• If the fan is not running
• Turn computer off
• Open
• Check connections to power supply

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Troubleshooting the Power System (continued)
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Power Problems with the Motherboard

• Motherboard should be grounded to chassis
• Short may be problem with electrical system
• Component on board making improper contact with
  chassis
• Look for damage on bottom of board
• Frayed wires can cause shorts
• Cables pelados pueden causar cortocircuitos

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Overheating

• If computer hangs after running for a while, it
  may be an overheating problem
• Check airflow in the case
• Check vents of the case
• Use CMOS to check the temperature

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Overheating (continued)
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Overheating (continued)
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Overheating (continued)
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Power Management Methods and Features