Citation and Bibliography

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Citation and Bibliography
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INTRODUCTION
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Bibliography
A bibliography is the listing of the works that
are relevant to the topic of research interest
arranged in alphabetical order of the last names
of authors
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Reference
A reference list is a subset of the bibliography,
which includes details of all the citations used
in the literature survey and elsewhere in the
report, arranged again, in the alphabetical order
of the last names of authors.
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Goals

• Upholding Intellectual Honesty
• Ease of Reader

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Citation Contents

• Books
• Journal
• Newspaper
• Websites
• Play
• Poem

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Unique Identifiers

• International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
• Serial Item and Contribution Identifier (SICI).
• Digital object identifier (DOI)
• PubMed Identifier (PMID)
• Citation Number

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Citation System

• Note Systems
• Parenthetical Referencing

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Citation Styles

• Humanities
• The Chicago Style (CMOS)
• The Columbia Style
• Harvard Referencing
• Modern Language Association (MLA)
• Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA)

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Citation Styles

• Law
• Bluebook
• Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation
• Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal
  Authorities (OSCOLA)

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Citation Styles

• Sciences, Mathematics, Engineering, Physiology,
  and Medicine
• American Chemical Society (ACS)
• American Institute of Physics (AIP)
• American Mathematical Society (AMS)
• Vancouver System

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Citation Styles

• Sciences, Mathematics, Engineering, Physiology,
  and Medicine
• American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
• International Committee of Medical Journal
  Editors (ICMJE)
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics
  Engineers (IEEE)
• Pechenik Citation Style

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Citation Styles

• Social Sciences
• American Psychological Association (APA)
• American Political Science Association (APSC)
• American Anthropological Association
• American Sociological Association (ASA)

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Specimen in APA Style
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Book by Single Author
Arshad, M. I. (1997). Management on the World
Wide Web. Lahore, Pak Ferozsons.
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More than One Books by Same Author
Roy, A. (1998a). Chaos theory. New
York McMillian Publishing Enterprises. Roy,
A. (1998b). Classic chaos. San Francisco, CA
Jossey Bamar
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Book by More Than One Authors
Cornett, M.,Wiley, B.J., Sankar, S. (1998).
The pleasures of nurturing. London McMunster
Publishing.
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Edited Book
Pennathur, A.,Leong, F.T., Schuster, K.
(Eds.). (1998). Style and substance of
thinking. New York Wilson Press.
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Edited Book
Riley, T., Brecht, M.L. (1998). The success
in mentoring process. In R. Willams
(Ed.) Mentoring and career success. pp.129-150.
New York Wilson Press.
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Journal Article
Jeanquart, S., Peluchette, J. (1997).
Diversity in the workforce and management
models. Journal of Social Work Studies. 43
(3), 72-85
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Conference Proceedings Publications
Gardezi, H.N. (2005). Population Policy of
Pakistan. In Z. Sethar (Ed.)Proceedings o the
third Conference on Research and populaton,
(pp.100-107). Islamabad Population Council
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Doctoral Dissertation
Chaudhary, M. A. (2004). Medical advances and
quality of life. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, Virtual University.
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Paper Presented at Conference
Qaureshi, Q. A. (2005, May 16). Practical tips
for efficient management. Paper presented at
the annual meeting Entrepreneurs, Lahore.
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Unpublished Manuscript
Kashoor, M. A. (2005).Training and development
in the 90s. Unpublished manuscript, Virtual
University.
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Newspaper Article
The new GM pact. (2005, May 16). The Dawn, p.4.
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Referencing Electronic Sources
Ahmed, B. (2005). Technology and immediacy of
information on line Available http//www.bnet.
act.com
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