27.5 GRA

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27.5 GRA 1-30 Pg 751-755
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Vice President ____________ had met with
Roosevelt fewer than 10 times and knew little
about the plans for ending the war and keeping
the postwar peace.

• Truman

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2. Just weeks after President Truman took office,
Germany surrendered and the Allies turned their
full attention to defeating ________________.

• Japan

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Campaign in the Pacific
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3. Because the two main goals of U.S. were to
regain the _________ and to invade Japan, the
United States needed control of the Pacific
Ocean.

• Philippines

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4. American forces conducted an ______________
campaign, capturing some Japanese-held islands
and going around others.

• island hopping

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5. American ships would shell a Japanese-held
island, troops would wade ashore under heavy
gunfire and then engage the Japanese in
_______________ combat.

• hand to-hand

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6. In October 1944, American forces under General
MacArthur returned to the Philippines and by
February 1945, they had taken_________ , the
capital.

• Manila

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7. Americans then captured the islands of
__________ and Okinawa, just 350 miles from the
Japanese home islands.

• Iwo Jima

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8. Japanese ___________________ carried out
suicide missions by loading old planes with bombs
and then deliberately crashing them into Allied
ships.

• kamikaze pilots

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9. By April 1945, United States forces pounded
Japanese ______________ and cities as American
warships bombarded the coast and sank ships.

• factories

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10. United States military leaders planned an
invasion of Japan in the fall that might cost
between 150,000 and ____________ American
casualties.

• 250,000

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Defeat of Japan
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11. In late July 1945, the Allied leaders-
Truman, Churchill, and Stalin-met
at_____________, Germany.

• Potsdam

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12. Truman received startling news that American
scientists had successfully tested a secret new
weapon that could destroy an entire city called
the _____________.

• atomic bomb

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13. From Potsdam, the Allied leaders sent a
message warning Japan to surrender or face
"prompt and ____________________."

• utter destruction

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14. Japanese leaders did not know about the
atomic bomb, so they ignored the________________.

• Potsdam Declaration

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15. On August 6, 1945, the ____________, an
American bomber, dropped an atomic bomb on
Hiroshima, Japan that killed at least 70,000
people, injured an equal number and destroyed
most of the city.

• Enola Gay

Truman
A-bomb
Mushroom Cloud
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16. On August 9, the United States dropped a
second atomic bomb on _________ that killed
40,000.

• Nagasaki

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17. Many more people in Nagasaki and
______________ died from the effects of the
atomic radiation released by the bombs.

• Hiroshima

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18. The _________ of Japan announced that his
nation would surrender on August 14, 1945.

• emperor

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19. The formal surrender took place on September
2 aboard the ______in Tokyo Bay.

• USS Missouri

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20. The warship flew the same American flag that
had waved over______________, on the day Japan
bombed Pearl Harbor.

• Washington, D.C.

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Costs of the War
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21. Historians estimate that somewhere between 30
million and ____________ people were killed in
battle or behind the lines.

• 60 million

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22. After the Japanese captured the Philippines
in 1942, they forced about ______ American and
Filipino prisoners to march 65 miles with little
food or water.

• 75,000

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23. About 10,000 of the prisoners died or were
killed during what is known as the________________
______.

• Bataan Death March

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The Holocaust
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24. As the Allies advanced into Germany and
Eastern Europe, they discovered the full extent
of the slaughter of Europe's Jews by the Nazis
now know as the_____________.

• Holocaust

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The Holocaust - genocide
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25. The Nazis tortured and murdered more than
________ Jews.

• 6 million

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26. Allied troops saw the _____ the Nazis had
used to murder hundreds of thousands.

• gas chambers

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27. The Nazis murdered nearly 6 million Poles,
Slavs, and _______ who were also victims of the
death camps.

• Gypsies

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28. Nazis killed prisoners of war and people they
considered unfit because of physical or
________________.

• mental disabilities

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29. In 1945 and 1946, the Allies conducted the
__________________ in Nuremberg, Germany at which
12 Nazi leaders were sentenced to death and
thousands of Nazis were found guilty of war
crimes and imprisoned.

• Nuremberg Trials

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30. The Allies also tried and executed Japanese
leaders accused of __________.

• war crimes

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Complete 4-8 Page 755
HOMEWORK
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4. (a) What two goals did the United States set
for the war in the Pacific? (b) What strategy did
it adopt to achieve these goals?

• (a) regain the Philippines, invade Japan
• (b) island hopping bomb Japanese
  factories/cities atomic bombs

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5. How did the United States force Japan to
surrender?

• dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
  causing much death and destruction

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6. Why was World War II more deadly than World
War I?

• Unlike World War I, which was fought mainly in
  trenches, World War II conventional and atomic
  bombs left man civilians dead or wounded and
  million homeless.

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7. The Allies did not try enemy leaders as war
criminals after World War I.(a) Why do you think
they conducted war crimes trials after World War
II? (b) Do you think they were right to do so?

• (a) The horror of the Holocaust and other
  terrible crimes shocked the world.
• (b) Yes, someone had to answer for the terrible
  crimes.

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8. After the war, President Truman said he had
agreed to the use of the atomic bomb "to shorten
the agony of warand save the lives of
thousands of young Americans." Do you think he
made the right decision? Defend your position.
Yes, Truman's main responsibility was limiting
American casualties and ending the war. No, it
was wrong to kill tens of thousands of Japanese
civilians.